THE FINAL SCIENCE PACE OF ALL TIME (def) Flashcards
Torque
the force that causes rotation
=(force)(lever arm length)
The law of conservation of momentum
the total momentum before an impact equals the total momentum after the impact
unstable equilibrium
coin balanced on its edge
stable equilibrium
suitcase on its side
neutral equilibrium
bowling ball
Kinetic energy
energy of motion
potential energy
energy due to position
Heat
the total energy of a substance due to motion of all its molecules
temperature
average kinetic energy of the molecules
First law of thermodynamics
energy can neither be created nor destroyed
Second law of thermodynamics
heat always travels from a region of high temperature to a region of low temperature
Third law of thermodynamics
disorder cannot be entirely eliminated from the atoms and molecules of a body
First law of motion
every body continues in its state of equilibrium unless it is compelled to change that state by forces impressed upon it
Second law of motion
Resultant force acting upon a body equals the mass times acceleration of the body
F = ma
Third law of motion
when any two bodies interact, the force exerted by the first body on the second is equal and opposite to the force exerted by the second on the first
too low to be heard by the human ear
infrasonic
too high to be heard by the human ear
ultrasonic
measured in bels
sound intensity
speeds greater than the speed of sound in a fluid
supersonic
sound intensity varies inversely with the square of distance
inverse square law
uses sound to find an object’s direction and distance
sonar
apparent change in frequency due to motion
Doppler effect
repetition of sound due to reflection
echo
prolonged series of reflections of one sound
reverberation
change of direction as a wave enters a new medium
refraction
lowest pitch a vibrating object can produce
fundamental frequency
caused by interaction of two or more waves
interference
interference produces alternate rise and fall
beats
one object causes another to vibrate
resonance
Fourier analysis
the process of separating a single complex wave into a series of simple sine waves
low and high of a transverse wave
trough and crest
displacement node axis amplitude wavelength
.
Optics
the study of light and vision
The law of relection
the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection
Refraction
the change in the direction of light as it enters a new medium
The index of refraction of a medium
ration of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light in the particular medium
The law of refraction
(ni)(sin@i) = (nr)(sin@r)
Color of the rainbow now in the visible spectrum
indigo
Dispersion
the separation of light into the visible colors of the spectrum
Diffraction
the spreading out of waves after they pass through a small opening or the bending of waves as the pass along the edge of an obstruction
negative charge
excess of electrons
positive charge
deficit of electrons
electrolysis
the liberation of an element by passing an electric current through a liquid or molten electrolyte
Ohm’s law
the current in a conductor is directly proportional to the electric potential and inversely proportional to the resistance
a magnetic domain
a cluster of adjacent atoms that act as a tiny magnet
