1137 Questions & Blanks Flashcards
What causes Brownian motion?
atoms or molecules of a fluid colliding with small particles and shoving them about
What is heat?
the total kinetic energy of all the molecules of a substance
The law of conservation of energy states that in a closed, system, the sum of the _______________ must be conserved
kinetic, potential, and heat energy
What is a calorie?
a metric unit of heat that will raise the temperature of one gram of water one degree Celsius
What is temperature?
the average kinetic energy of the molecules of a substance
What is the difference between temperature and heat?
temperature-average
heat-total
Example of an object with high temperature but low heat
filament of a light bulb
The metric unit for temperature is the
Celsius degree
What law of physics did Mr. Fahrenheit discover while using his thermometer?
Each liquid has fixed freezing and boiling temperatures
How can the boiling temperature of a liquid be changed?
by changing the atmospheric pressure
Most thermometers are based on the expansion and contradiction of the substances ______________
mercury and alcohol
The coefficient of linear expansion is:
the fractional change in length of a solid for each degree Celsius change in temperature
Where would you find a bimetallic strip in a home?
thermostat
_____________ must be considered in the construction of bridges
Linear expansion
When an engine heats, engine parts must be free to __________
expand
What is the heat capacity?
the quantity of heat needed to raise a substance’s temperature one degree Celsius
What is specific heat?
a measure of heat capacity of a substance
What three factors determine the total heat content of an object?
specific heat, temperature, and mass
Law of heat exchange
the amount of heat given off by a hot substance equals the heat received by a cold substance
What is latent heat of vaporization?
the amount of heat needed to change one gram of a liquid substance at its normal boiling temperature into a gas at the same temperature
80 540
.5 .49
How does the latent heat of vaporization affect the molecules of a liquid?
it breaks the chemical bonds holding the molecules of a liquid together and gives them sufficient energy to separate
What is latent heat of fusion?
the amount of heat needed to convert one gram of a solid at its normal melting temperature into a liquid at the same temperature
IT usually takes more energy to convert a liquid to a gas (vaporization), than a solid to a liquid (fusion)
.
How do refrigerators and air conditioners work?
Liquid is released into coiled tubes. In a refrigerator, the liquid evaporates, removing heat. In a compressor, it condenses, releasing heat.
All solids conduct heat, but ______ are especially good conductors.
metals
Why do breezes blow between land and sea areas?
Land warms more quickly than water, so heat flows in different directions depending on the time of day.
How does radiation differ from conduction and convection?
does not need to pass through a substance
What are the three main causes of ocean currents?
Earth’s rotation
convection
prevailing winds
Weather is greatly affected by the _______________________
temperature, size, and direction of ocean currents
Matthew Maury believed the Bible referred to ocean currents as ____________
paths of the seas
Explain why the second law of thermodynamics is a powerful argument for Creation
all spontaneous change tends toward disorder
What conditions may cause a gas to depart from the ideal gas law?
when pressure is above a certain level or when temperature falls below a certain level
Five properties of gas explained by the kinetic theory
pressure expansion temperature change contraction diffusion
The three main assumptions of the kinetic theory of gases
gas molecules are widely spread
gas molecules move rapidly and freely in all directions
gas molecules frequently collide with one another and with the walls of their container
What is Brownian motion?
the random motion of a particle in a fluid
We use a thermometer to measure temperature
.
How does a bimetallic strip help heat and cool a home?
It opens and closes a circuit in a thermostat
How can some evaporation occur when a liquid has a temperature below its boiling point?
Some molecules possess enough kinetic energy to escape the surface of the liquid.
Define convection
transfer of heat by currents
Ways to improve the efficiency of heat engines
remove friction and heat loss
increase temperature difference
2nd law of thermodynamics
Heat always travels of its own accord from a region of high temperature to a region of low temperature.
What is entropy?
a measure of the heat distribution and disorganization in the universe
