1137 Questions & Blanks Flashcards

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1
Q

What causes Brownian motion?

A

atoms or molecules of a fluid colliding with small particles and shoving them about

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2
Q

What is heat?

A

the total kinetic energy of all the molecules of a substance

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3
Q

The law of conservation of energy states that in a closed, system, the sum of the _______________ must be conserved

A

kinetic, potential, and heat energy

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4
Q

What is a calorie?

A

a metric unit of heat that will raise the temperature of one gram of water one degree Celsius

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5
Q

What is temperature?

A

the average kinetic energy of the molecules of a substance

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6
Q

What is the difference between temperature and heat?

A

temperature-average

heat-total

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7
Q

Example of an object with high temperature but low heat

A

filament of a light bulb

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8
Q

The metric unit for temperature is the

A

Celsius degree

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9
Q

What law of physics did Mr. Fahrenheit discover while using his thermometer?

A

Each liquid has fixed freezing and boiling temperatures

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10
Q

How can the boiling temperature of a liquid be changed?

A

by changing the atmospheric pressure

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11
Q

Most thermometers are based on the expansion and contradiction of the substances ______________

A

mercury and alcohol

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12
Q

The coefficient of linear expansion is:

A

the fractional change in length of a solid for each degree Celsius change in temperature

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13
Q

Where would you find a bimetallic strip in a home?

A

thermostat

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14
Q

_____________ must be considered in the construction of bridges

A

Linear expansion

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15
Q

When an engine heats, engine parts must be free to __________

A

expand

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16
Q

What is the heat capacity?

A

the quantity of heat needed to raise a substance’s temperature one degree Celsius

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17
Q

What is specific heat?

A

a measure of heat capacity of a substance

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18
Q

What three factors determine the total heat content of an object?

A

specific heat, temperature, and mass

19
Q

Law of heat exchange

A

the amount of heat given off by a hot substance equals the heat received by a cold substance

20
Q

What is latent heat of vaporization?

A

the amount of heat needed to change one gram of a liquid substance at its normal boiling temperature into a gas at the same temperature

21
Q

80 540

A

.5 .49

22
Q

How does the latent heat of vaporization affect the molecules of a liquid?

A

it breaks the chemical bonds holding the molecules of a liquid together and gives them sufficient energy to separate

23
Q

What is latent heat of fusion?

A

the amount of heat needed to convert one gram of a solid at its normal melting temperature into a liquid at the same temperature

24
Q

IT usually takes more energy to convert a liquid to a gas (vaporization), than a solid to a liquid (fusion)

A

.

25
Q

How do refrigerators and air conditioners work?

A

Liquid is released into coiled tubes. In a refrigerator, the liquid evaporates, removing heat. In a compressor, it condenses, releasing heat.

26
Q

All solids conduct heat, but ______ are especially good conductors.

A

metals

27
Q

Why do breezes blow between land and sea areas?

A

Land warms more quickly than water, so heat flows in different directions depending on the time of day.

28
Q

How does radiation differ from conduction and convection?

A

does not need to pass through a substance

29
Q

What are the three main causes of ocean currents?

A

Earth’s rotation
convection
prevailing winds

30
Q

Weather is greatly affected by the _______________________

A

temperature, size, and direction of ocean currents

31
Q

Matthew Maury believed the Bible referred to ocean currents as ____________

A

paths of the seas

32
Q

Explain why the second law of thermodynamics is a powerful argument for Creation

A

all spontaneous change tends toward disorder

33
Q

What conditions may cause a gas to depart from the ideal gas law?

A

when pressure is above a certain level or when temperature falls below a certain level

34
Q

Five properties of gas explained by the kinetic theory

A
pressure
expansion
temperature change
contraction
diffusion
35
Q

The three main assumptions of the kinetic theory of gases

A

gas molecules are widely spread
gas molecules move rapidly and freely in all directions
gas molecules frequently collide with one another and with the walls of their container

36
Q

What is Brownian motion?

A

the random motion of a particle in a fluid

37
Q

We use a thermometer to measure temperature

A

.

38
Q

How does a bimetallic strip help heat and cool a home?

A

It opens and closes a circuit in a thermostat

39
Q

How can some evaporation occur when a liquid has a temperature below its boiling point?

A

Some molecules possess enough kinetic energy to escape the surface of the liquid.

40
Q

Define convection

A

transfer of heat by currents

41
Q

Ways to improve the efficiency of heat engines

A

remove friction and heat loss

increase temperature difference

42
Q

2nd law of thermodynamics

A

Heat always travels of its own accord from a region of high temperature to a region of low temperature.

43
Q

What is entropy?

A

a measure of the heat distribution and disorganization in the universe