1134 Questions & Blanks Flashcards
Greek beliefs were based on _____________
human reasoning
Right and wrong are determined by absolutes found in _________
the BIBLE
Five things that Galileo Galilei discovered with his telescope
Mountains and craters on the moon Venus has phases like the moon Four large moons of Jupiter Dark spots on the sun Thousands of additional stars in the Milky Way
How can we eliminate use of the term “deceleration”?
by referring to it as negative acceleration
Mechanics is divided into what three parts?
Kinetics
Dynamics
Statics
What is dynamics?
Dynamics is the study of the causes for change in motion
What is kinematics?
Kinematics is the mathematical description of motion
What is speed?
Speed is the rate at which an object covers distance
__________ is a vector that has speed and direction
Velocity
Distance is ________________ to the square of time
directly proportional
average velocity is equal to
half of the final velocity
final velocity F
acceleration x time
velocity includes both ______________
speed and direction
speed F
distance/time
distance F
average velocity x time
acceleration F
change in velocity/change in time
time squared is ____________________
directly proportional to distance
Formula for distance
(.5)(9.81m/s^2)(time^2)
As soon as a projectile is launched, it begins to fall short of its ____________
straight-line path
The two components of a projectile’s motion
vertical component
horizontal component
A projectile follows a path called a
parabola
The four conic sections
circle
ellipse
parabola
hyperbola
If one cannonball is fired horizontally from a cliff at the same time that another cannonball is dropped from the cliff, what happens?
Both objects with strike the ground at the same time
The formulas for the vertical and horizontal components of projectile motion
Vv = (v)(cos.theta) Vh = (v)(sin.theta)
The three quantities that can be calculated when dealing with projectiles if you know the launch velocity and angle of motion
maximum height
range
time of flight
What is the maximum height of a projectile?
The maximum height is the greatest vertical distance reached by the projectile
What is the range of a projectile?
The range is the horizontal distance from the launching point to the point of impact.
What is the time of flight of a projectile?
The time of flight is the time elapsed from launch to impact.
Newton’s first law of motion
Every body continues in its state of rest, or of uniform motion in a straight line, unless it is compelled to change that state by forces impressed upon it.
What is mass?
Mass is a measure of an objects inertia
What is the difference between mass and weight?
Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object, while weight is a measure of the force of gravity acting on an object.
Newton’s second law of motion
The acceleration of a body is directly proportional to the resultant force acting on that body and inversely proportional to the mass of the body.
Newton’s second law of motion stated algebraically
a = F/m
Two factors that are directly related are ________________________, while _______________________ are inversely related.
acceleration and force
mass and acceleration
How do astronauts determine the mass of an object in weightless conditions of orbit?
Astronauts measure the object’s inertia. They place the object on a compressed spring. When released, they measure its acceleration.
Newton’s third law of motion
When any two bodies interact, the force exerted by the first body on the second is equal and opposite to the force exerted by the second body on the first
Formula for maximum height
(1/2)(Vv)(Vv/9.81)
Formula for flight time
(2)(Vv/9.81)
Formula for range
(Vh)(time)
_____ deals with the position and motions of celestial bodies.
Astronomy
What is an Ellipse?
An ellipse is a flattened circle with two centers called foci.
________________ proved that planets travel in elliptical orbits
Johannes Kepler
Kepler’s first law of planetary motion
Each planet moves around the sun in an elliptical orbit; the sun is at one focus of the ellipse.
Kepler’s second law of planetary motion
A planet sweeps out equal areas in equal intervals of time as it orbits the sun.
Kepler’s third law of planetary motion
The square of a planet’s period is directly proportional to the cube of its distance from the sun
scientific study of the universe
astronomy
Prince of astronomers
Tycho Brahe
calculated G with a torsion balance
Henry Cavendish
sun-centered theory
Nicolaus Copernicus
three laws of planetary motion
Johannes Kepler
three laws of motion
Isaac Newton
The orbit of planets is ____________
elliptical
The Dream
one of the first science fiction stories
Why was Kepler’s third law of planetary motion so helpful to astronomer’s?
With the third law of planetary motion, astronomers could calculate the distance of the planets from the sun
Galileo Galilei discovered that natural motion is motion in a __________
straight line
What happens to the velocity of a planet as it orbits closer to the sun?
As a planet orbits closer to the sun, its velocity increases.
Isaac Newton established the ________________ for gravity in 1666
inverse square law
The mathematical formula for the law of universal gravitation is _________
F = (G)[(m1)(m2)/(r^2)]
The force of attraction between two bodies is inversely proportional to _______________________ and directly proportional to _______________________.
the square of the distance separating their centers of mass
the product of their masses
The longest time of flight occurs when a projectile is fired ___________
straight up
What are the two causes of projectile motion?
Motion due to launch velocity and motion due to acceleration due to gravity are the two causes of projectile motion
A planet travels fastest when it is nearest the sun
.
Studied motion and mechanics
Galileo Galilei
