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Physics > 1135 Questions & Blanks > Flashcards

1135 Questions & Blanks Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the name of the great scientific book written by Isaac Newton?

A

Principia

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2
Q

What three things did Isaac Newton’s book accomplish?

A

states the law of universal gravity
sets forth the three laws of motion
applies mathematics to astronomy

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3
Q

What is force?

A

Force is any influence capable of producing a change in the velocity of a body

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4
Q

State the first law of motion

A

A body will remain at rest or move with a constant speed in a straight line unless compelled to change its motion by an outside force

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5
Q

Why did Isaac Newton state the law of inertia separately from the second law of motion?

A

to call attention to the role of forces in producing motion

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6
Q

State the formula for the gravitational attraction between two bodies

A

F=G(m1m2/r^2)

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7
Q

The force of gravitational attraction between two objects of ordinary size was successfully measured by _____________

A

Henry Cavendish

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8
Q

Momentum is the product of what two quantities?

A

mass

velocity

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9
Q

________ is equivalent to momentum and has the same units of measurement

A

Impulse

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10
Q

State the law of conservation of momentum

A

The total momentum before an impact equals the total momentum after the impact.

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11
Q

The third law of motion is also called the ____________

A

law of action reaction

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12
Q

How can scientists calculate the momentum of an invisible particle in an atomic reaction?

A

They calculate the difference between the known momenta of all other particles and the original momentum

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13
Q

M1V1 = -M2V2

A

.

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14
Q

When both objects are going in the same direction, collide, and continue forward as one unit.

A

Pt = (m1 + m2)v

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15
Q

kg X m/sec^2

A

N

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16
Q

9.81m/sec^2

A

g

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17
Q

maximum displacement

A

amplitude

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18
Q

reciprocal to the period

A

frequency

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19
Q

motion of a pendulum

A

simple harmonic

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20
Q

back-and-forth motion

A

vibration

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21
Q

product of force and distance

A

work

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22
Q

product of a newton and meter

A

joule

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23
Q

unit equal to one cycle per second

A

hertz

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24
Q

ability to do work

A

energy

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25
Q

energy due to motion

A

kinetic energy

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26
Q

time it takes to make a complete swing

A

period

27
Q

The period of a pendulum is ____ related to its _____

A

directly

length

28
Q

How does gravity affect the period of a pendulum?

A

inversely

29
Q

The period of a pendulum is independent of what three things?

A

mass
type of substance
amplitude

30
Q

As the center of a vibration, a string has a ___________ of zero, while the ______ is at its maximum.

A

resulting force

velocity

31
Q

At maximum displacement, a vibrating string has a _____________

A

velocity of zero

32
Q

What is work?

A

The product of force and the distance through which the force is applied

33
Q

What is kinetic energy?

A

The ability to do work because of a body’s motion

34
Q

Stored energy, or energy due to position is __________-

A

potential energy

35
Q

Examples of potential energy

A

gravitational
firewood
dynamite
steam under pressure

36
Q

Formula for the period of a pendulum

A

T=2pi x (length/9.81)^1/2

37
Q

frequency = 1/period

A

cycle/sec = frequency = hertz

38
Q

Formula for work

A

work = force x distance

39
Q

dyne x cm

A

erg

40
Q

newton x meter

A

joule

41
Q

Formula for kinetic energy

A

KE = 0.5 x m x v^2

42
Q

Formula for potential energy

A

PE = m x g x h

43
Q

Formula for power

A

work or energy/time

44
Q

joules / seconds

A

watt

45
Q

Formula for mechanical advantage

A

load/effort

46
Q

Effort x effort distance = Load x load distance

A

.

47
Q

effort distance = MA x load distance

A

.

48
Q

MA of an incline

A

run/rise

49
Q

Efficiency = (work output/work input) x 100%

A

.

50
Q

Three facts that must be remembered when applying the law of conservation of energy

A
  • A particular type of energy may not be conserved
  • Almost all energy changes result in an increase in the amount of heat energy at the expense of other types of energy.
  • The law of conservation of energy in the universe is not true under all circumstances
51
Q

What is the law of conservation of mass-energy?

A

The total amount of matter and energy in the universe is constant

52
Q

What is power

A

Power is a measure of the speed at which work is done

53
Q

List the six simple machines

A

Screw, Pulley, Wheel and Axle, Wedge, Lever, Inclined Plane

SPWAWLIP

54
Q

In what three ways are machines used?

A

change the direction of the effort
multiply the effort
change the distance through which the effort acts

55
Q

What is the meaning of mechanical advantage?

A

ratio of load to effort

56
Q

The ratio between the load and the actual effort used to move the load is called the _____

A

actual mechanical advantage

57
Q

Explain why theoretical mechanical advantage and actual mechanical advantage are never equivalent

A

energy is lost, usually due to friction

58
Q

In a lever the _________ is measure from the fulcrum to the load

A

load arm distance

59
Q

In a lever, the _____________ is measured from the fulcrum to the point where the effort is applied

A

effort arm distance

60
Q

When the effort is applied between the load and the fulcrum, the lever is ________

A

third class

61
Q

When the fulcrum is between the load and the effort, the lever is ___________

A

first class

62
Q

When the load is between the fulcrum and the effort, the lever is ______

A

second class

63
Q

What is a machine?

A

Any device that transfers energy from its point of input to its point of use

Physics (22 decks)

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