The final day of Networking Course Flashcards
Fields in an IPv6 header: 4 bit field that defines what version of IP is in use,
version:
Fields in an IPv6 header: 8 bit field that defines the type of traffic contained in the IP datagram and allows for different classes of traffic to receive different priorities
traffic class field
Fields in an IPv6 header: 20 bit, used in conjunction with the traffic class field for routers to make decisions about the quality of service level for a specific datagram.
flow label
Fields in an IPv6 header: a 16 bit field that defines how long the data payload section of the datagram is.
Payload length
Fields in an IPv6 header: A unique concept to IPv6, and needs a little extra explaining.
Next Header
how much larger than IPv4 addresses are IPv6 addresses?
4 times larger
how do we reduce problems with additional data IPv6 addresses impose on the network?
the header was built to be as short as possible.
How do we make IPv6 headers shorter? One way.
take all the optional fields, abstract them from the header itself. The next header field defines what kind of header is immediately after this current one.
What kind of header is optional?
additional “next header”
what do optional headers include?
next header field, allow for a chain of headers to form if there’s a lot of optional config.
Fields in an IPv6 header: 8 bit field that is identical in purpose to the TTL field and IPv4 header.
hop limit field
Fields in an IPv6 header: each of these are 128 bits. If the next header field specified another header, it would follow at this time. If not, a data payload, the same length as specified in payload length field, would follow.
source and destination address fields
what does any IPv6 address that begins with 80 zeroes and is followed by 16 1’s is understood to be part of
the IPv4 mapped address space.
what are the remaining 32 bits of an IPv6 address supposed to represent? Giving way for IPv4 traffic to travel over IPv6 networks.
the same 32 bits of the IPv4 address it is meant to represent.
What is easier: individual organization moving to IPv6 or the core internet networks moving to IPv6?
Individual organizations.
What consist of IPv6 * servers on either end of a connection that take incoming IPv6 traffic and encapsulate it within traditional IPv4 datagrams, which are then delivered across the IPv4 Internet space and received by another IPv6 * server? Which then performs the D encapsulation and passes the IPv6 traffic along the network?
IPv6 tunnels
Companies that provide IPv6 tunneling endpoints for you so you don’t have to introduce additional equipment to your network
IPv6 tunnel broker
what is the future of networking?
IPv6 adoption, and no more need for tunnels.
where do nodes connect through IP and IP addresses? what layer?
Network layer of the TCP/IP Five-Layer Network Model
What is the most common version of IP?
IPv4
how many bits in IPv4 address?
32
How many individual IPv4 addresses can there be?
4.2 billion
What was developed to provide addresses for all our internet connected devices?
IPv6, the modern standard we need to shift to.
What is the concept of IPv6 and IPv4 harmony about?
Being able to have both types of protocols on the internet so we can use them together.
How many bits in IPv6 addresses?
128
What has to be translated into something IPv4 can understand?
IPv6.
what IPv6 protocols are used to let IPv6 traffic to travel over the remaining IPv4 network?
tunnels
What are Created using IPV six servers on either end of a network connection?
tunnels
what takes incoming IPV six traffic and encapsulates it within a traditional IPV four data gram?
A tunnel server
what’s the process of transporting a data packet inside the payload of another packet called
encapsulation
What can be delivered across an IPV for network and received by another IPV six tunnel server, which is then de encapsulated and passed further along the IPV six network
encapsulated IPV six data in a tunnel
what are the three types of IPV six tunnels?
6in4/ manual protocol
tunnel setup protocol (TSP)
Anything in Anything (AYIYA)
What IPv6 protocol encapsulates packets immediately inside an IPV for packet, without using additional headers to configure the setup of the tunnel and points. set up is configured manually instead. This makes performance predictable and easy to debug. unfortunately this protocol often will not function if the host uses network address translation (NAT) technology to map its IPv4 address. this protocol is difficult to deploy as a result
6in4/manual protocol
specifies rules for negotiating the setup parameters between tunnel and points. this allows for a variety of tunnel encapsulation methods and wider deployment than is possible with manual protocol.
tunnel setup protocol (TSP)
defines a method for encapsulating any protocol and any other protocol. developed for tunnel brokers. specifies the encapsulation, identification, check some palmer security, and management operations that can be used while the tunnel is established. a key advantage is that it can provide a stable tunnel through an IPv4 NAT. it allows users behind a NAT or a dynamic address to maintain connectivity even when roaming between networks
anything in anything (AYIYA)
