The Federal System:Jonathan,Serna

Question 1

Abraham Lincoln

Answer 1

Abraham Lincoln was an American statesman and lawyer who served as the 16th President of the United States from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865. Lincoln led the United States through the American Civil War.

Question 2

Andrew Johnson

Answer 2

Andrew Johnson was the 17th President of the United States, serving from 1865 to 1869. Johnson assumed the presidency as he was Vice President of the United States at the time of the assassination of Abraham Lincoln.

Question 3

Barack Obama

Answer 3

Barack Hussein Obama II is an American politician who served as the 44th President of the United States from January 20, 2009, to January 20, 2017. A member of the Democratic Party, he was the first African American to be elected to the presidency and previously served as a United States Senator from Illinois.

Question 4

Barron v. Baltimore (1833)

Answer 4

Barron v. Baltimore, 32 U.S. 243, is a landmark United States Supreme Court case in 1833, which helped define the concept of federalism in US constitutional law. The Court established a precedent that the Bill of Rights did not apply to the state governments.

Question 5

Bill of attainder

Answer 5

A bill of attainder is an act of a legislature declaring a person or group of persons guilty of some crime and punishing them, often without a trial.

Question 6

Block Grant

Answer 6

a block grant is a large sum of money granted by the national government to a regional government with only general provisions as to the way it is to be spent.

Question 7

Calvin Coolidge

Answer 7

John Calvin Coolidge Jr. was an American politician and the 30th President of the United States. A Republican lawyer from New England, born in Vermont, Coolidge worked his way up the ladder of Massachusetts state politics, eventually becoming governor.

Question 8

Categorical grants

Answer 8

Categorical grants, also called conditional grants, are grants issued by the United States Congress which may be spent only for narrowly defined purposes.

Question 9

Civil War

Answer 9

The Civil War, also known as “The War Between the States,” was fought between the United States of America and the Confederate States of America, a collection of eleven southern states that left the Union in 1860 and 1861 and formed their own country in order to protect the institution of slavery.

Question 10

Charter

Answer 10

A charter is the grant of authority or rights, stating that the granter formally recognizes the prerogative of the recipient to exercise the rights specified.

Question 11

Concurrent powers

Answer 11

Concurrent powers are powers that are shared by both the State and the federal government.

Question 12

Confederate States of America

Answer 12

The Confederate States of America, commonly referred to as the Confederacy and the South, was an unrecognized country in North America that existed from 1861 to 1865.

Question 13

Confederation

Answer 13

an organization that consists of a number of parties or groups united in an alliance or league.

Question 14

Cooperative Federalism

Answer 14

Cooperative federalism, also known as marble-cake federalism, is a concept of federalism in which national, state, and local governments interact cooperatively and collectively to solve common problems

Question 15

Counties

Answer 15

a political and administrative division of a state, providing certain local governmental services.

Question 16

Democracy

Answer 16

a system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state, typically through elected representatives.

Question 17

Dillon’s Rule

Answer 17

the Dillon Rule, which the Virginia Supreme Court adopted in 1896, is a legal principle that local governments have limited authority, and can pass ordinances only in areas where the General Assembly.

Question 18

Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857)

Answer 18

In Dred Scott v. Sandford (argued 1856 – decided 1857), the Supreme Court ruled that Americans of African descent, whether free or slave, were not American citizens and could not sue in federal court. The Court also ruled that Congress lacked power to ban slavery in the U.S. territories.

Question 19

Dual Federalism

Answer 19

Dual federalism, also known as layer-cake federalism or divided sovereignty, is a political arrangement in which power is divided between the federal and state governments in clearly defined terms, with state governments exercising those powers accorded to them without interference from the federal government.

Question 20

Enumerated powers

Answer 20

The Enumerated powers of the United States Congress are listed in Article I, Section 8 of the United States Constitution. In summary, Congress may exercise the powers that the Constitution grants it, subject to the individual rights listed in the Bill of Rights.

Question 21

Ex Post facto Law

Answer 21

The definition of an ex post facto law is a law that applies to crimes that happened before the law was passed.

Question 22

Extradiction Clause

Answer 22

The Extradition Clause or Interstate Rendition Clause of the United States Constitution is Article IV, Section 2, Clause 2, which provides for the extradition of a criminal back to the state where he or she has committed a crime.

Question 23

Federal System

Answer 23

Federalism is a constitutional division of authority between a national government and subnational governments, with each retaining siginficant authority. All other powers not delegated to the national government, nor denied to the states.

Question 24

Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR)

Answer 24

Franklin Delano Roosevelt, often referred to by his initials FDR, was an American statesman and political leader who served as the 32nd President of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945.

Question 25

Full faith and credit clause

Answer 25

It addresses the duties that states within the United States have to respect the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state.

Question 26

Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)

Answer 26

Gibbons v. Ogden, 22 U.S. 1, was a landmark decision in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that the power to regulate interstate commerce, granted to Congress by the Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution, encompassed the power to regulate navigation.

Question 27

Great Society

Answer 27

a domestic program in the administration of President Lyndon B. Johnson that instituted federally sponsored social welfare programs.

Question 28

Herbert Hoover

Answer 28

Herbert Clark Hoover was an American engineer, businessman and politician who served as the 31st President of the United States from 1929 to 1933 during the Great Depression.

Question 29

Implied Powers

Answer 29

Implied powers, in the United States, are powers authorized by the Constitution that, while not stated, seem implied by powers that are expressly stated.

Question 30

Interstate Compacts

Answer 30

an interstate compact is an agreement between two or more states.

Question 31

Iroquois Confederacy

Answer 31

The Iroquois Confederacy was a confederation of Native American Indians which was originally composed of 5 tribes consisting of the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga and Seneca peoples.

Question 32

John C. Calhoun

Answer 32

John Caldwell Calhoun was an American statesman and political theorist from South Carolina, and the seventh Vice President of the United States from 1825 to 1832.

Question 33

John Marshall

Answer 33

John James Marshall was an American politician who served as the fourth Chief Justice of the United States from 1801 to 1835. Marshall remains the longest-serving chief justice in Supreme Court history, and he is widely regarded as one of the most influential justices to ever sit on the Supreme Court.

Question 34

Lyndon B. Johnson (LBJ)

Answer 34

He was an American politician who served as the 36th President of the United States from 1963 to 1969. Formerly the 37th Vice President of the United States from 1961 to 1963, he became president after the assassination of President John F. Kennedy.

Question 35

McCulloch V. Maryland (1819)

Answer 35

In this case, the Supreme Court held that Congress has implied powers derived from those listed in Article I, Section 8. The “Necessary and Proper” Clause gave Congress the power to establish a national bank.

Question 36

Monarchy

Answer 36

a form of government with a monarch at the head.

Question 37

Municipalities

Answer 37

a city or town that has corporate status and local government.

Question 38

New Deal

Answer 38

The New Deal was a series of programs and projects instituted during the Great Depression by President Franklin D. Roosevelt that aimed to restore prosperity to Americans.

Question 39

New Federalism

Answer 39

New Federalism is a political philosophy of devolution, or the transfer of certain powers from the United States federal government back to the states.

Question 40

Nullification

Answer 40

Nullification, in United States constitutional history, is a legal theory that a state has the right to nullify, or invalidate, any federal law which that state has deemed unconstitutional with respect to the United States Constitution.

Question 41

Oligarchy

Answer 41

a small group of people having control of a country, organization, or institution.

Question 42

Privileges and immunities Clause

Answer 42

The Privileges and Immunities Clause prevents a state from treating citizens of other states in a discriminatory manner.

Question 43

Programmatic Requests

Answer 43

A programmatic request, sometimes referred to as a Member request, is guidance solicited by the House and Senate appropriations subcommittees from Members of Congress.

Question 44

Progressive Federalism

Answer 44

Progressive Federalism- most recent form of federalism; allows states to have greater control over certain powers usually reserved for the national government.

Question 45

Reconstruction

Answer 45

The Union victory in the Civil War in 1865 may have given some 4 million slaves their freedom, but the process of rebuilding the South during the Reconstruction period (1865-1877) introduced a new set of significant challenges.

Question 46

Reserved Powers

Answer 46

Reserved powers, residual powers, or residuary powers are the powers which are neither prohibited nor explicitly given by law to any organ of government. Such powers, as well as general power of competence, are given because it is impractical to detail in legislation every act allowed to be carried out by the state.

Question 47

Roger B. Taney

Answer 47

Roger Brooke Taney was the fifth Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, holding that office from 1836 until his death in 1864.

Question 48

Ronald Reagan

Answer 48

Ronald Wilson Reagan was an American politician and actor who served as the 40th President of the United States from 1981 to 1989. Prior to the presidency, he was a Hollywood actor and trade union leader before serving as the 33rd Governor of California from 1967 to 1975.

Question 49

Secession

Answer 49

Secession is the withdrawal of a group from a larger entity, especially a political entity, but also from any organization, union or military alliance. Threats of secession can be a strategy for achieving more limited goals.

Question 50

Seventeenth Amendment

Answer 50

The Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution established the popular election of United States Senators by the people of the states. The amendment supersedes Article I, §3, Clauses 1 and 2 of the Constitution, under which senators were elected by state legislatures.

Question 51

Sixteenth Amendment

Answer 51

The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without apportionment among the several States, and without regard to any census or enumeration.

Question 52

Special District

Answer 52

special-purpose governmental units that exist separately from local governments such as county, municipal, and township governments.

Question 53

Tenth Amendment

Answer 53

The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.

Question 54

Totalitarianism

Answer 54

Totalitarianism is a political concept that defines a mode of government, which prohibits opposition parties, restricts individual opposition to the state and its claims, and exercises an extremely high degree of control over public and private life.

Question 55

Unitary System

Answer 55

A unitary state is a state governed as a single power in which the central government is ultimately supreme and any administrative divisions exercise only the powers that the central government chooses to delegate.