APGOV,CH15,Jonathan.S Flashcards
Affordable Care Act (ACA)
Nicknamed Obamacare, is a United States federal statute enacted by the 111th United States Congress and signed into law by President Barack Obama on March 23, 2010
Agenda-setting
If a news item is covered frequently and prominently, the audience will regard the issue as more important
Board of Governors
A federal government agency that is the Fed’s centralized component. The Board consists of seven members who are appointed by the president of the United States and confirmed by the Senate
Budget deficit
When expenses exceed revenue, and it is an indicator of financial health
Charter school -
A publicly funded independent school established by teachers, parents, or community groups under the terms of a charter with a local or national authority
Common Core
A set of high-quality academic standards in mathematics and English language arts/literacy (ELA). These learning goals outline what a student should know and be able to do at the end of each grade
Department of Health and Human Services
Aims to “protect the health of all Americans and provide essential human services, especially for those who are least able to help themselves.”
Depression
A long and severe recession in an economy or market
Discount Rate
The minimum interest rate set by the Federal Reserve for lending to other banks
Distributive Policies
Aimed at ensuring proper distribution of opportunities, goods, services among different sections of society
Entitlement programs
A government program that guarantees certain benefits to a particular group or segment of the population
Federal Reserve System
The central bank of the United States. It was created by the Congress to provide the nation with a safer, more flexible, and more stable monetary and financial system
Fiscal policy
The use of government revenue collection and expenditure to influence the economy. When the government changes the levels of taxation and government spending, it influences aggregate demand and the level of economic activity
Governmental (Institutional) Agenda
A discussion agenda; it consists of all public issues that are viewed as requiring governmental attention.
Gross domestic product
The total value of goods produced and services provided in a country during one year
Inflation
A general increase in prices and fall in the purchasing value of money
Keynesian economics
Macroeconomic theories, economic output is strongly influenced by aggregate demand
Laissez faire
Abstention by governments from interfering in the workings of the free market
Means-tested programs
Food stamps, public housing, Medicaid, and Temporary Assistance for Needy Families are means-tested aid programs that provide benefits only to poor and lower-income persons
Medicaid
A health care program that assists low-income families or individuals in paying for doctor visits, hospital stays, long-term medical, custodial care costs and more
Monetary policy
The macroeconomic policy laid down by the central bank. It involves management of money supply and interest rate and is the demand side economic policy used by the government of a country to achieve macroeconomic objectives like inflation, consumption, growth and liquidity
National Debt
The total amount of money that a country’s government has borrowed, by various means
No Child Left Behind Act
States are required to test students in reading and math in grades 3–8 and once in high school
non-means-tested programs
Government programs available only to individuals below a poverty line. Examples of Non-means tests. social security, medicare, veterans disability benefits, unemployment benefits
Open market operation
An activity by a central bank to give liquidity in its currency to a bank or a group of banks
Policy Adoption
The third phase of the policy process in which policies are adopted by government bodies for future implementation
Policy evaluation
Evaluation principles and methods to examine the content, implementation or impact of a policy
Policy Formulation
The development of effective and acceptable courses of action for addressing what has been placed on the policy agenda
Policy implementation
The third stage of policy cycle its means the stage of the policy process immediately after the passage of a law, or the action that will be taken to put the law into effect or that the problem will be solved
Public policy
The principles, often unwritten, on which social laws are based.
Recession
A period of temporary economic decline during which trade and industrial activity are reduced, generally identified by a fall in GDP in two successive quarters
Re distributive policy
A policy requirement whereby the government reallocates the wealth from one group in society to another group. It involves the direct provision of benefits to citizens through social programs such as welfare
Regulatory Policy
Government aims to limit what can be done in the marketplace. Most governments have some regulations covering a variety of areas, including: Banking, insurance, and other financial businesses
Social Security Act
A system of old-age benefits for workers, benefits for victims of industrial accidents, unemployment insurance, aid for dependent mothers and children, the blind, and the physically handicapped
Systemic agenda
All issues that are commonly perceived by members of the political community as meriting public attention and as involving matters within the legitimate jurisdiction of existing governmental authority”
Vouchers
A small printed piece of paper that entitles the holder to a discount or that may be exchanged for goods or services
