APGOVSUM18:Jonathan,Serna Flashcards
The federal system
Alexander Hamilton
He was a New York delegate to the Constitutional Convention of 1787, a major author of the Federalist papers, and first secretary of the treasury of the United States (1789–95).
Anti-Federalists
Anti-Federalists believed the Constitution granted too much power to the federal courts, at the expense of the state and local courts.
Article I
Legislative Branch - Organizations, powers, and restraints.
Article II
Executive Branch - Powers, duties, restraints, and election of the President
Article III
Judicial Branch - Powers, restraints, and the definition of Treason
Article IV
Relation of the states to each other and to the federal government, guarantees to the states, and government of the territories.
Article V
Method of Amending the Constitution. Guarantee of equal representation of the states in the U.S. Senate.
Article VI
Provision for national debts. Supremacy of the United States Constitution, federal laws and treaties. Pledge of national and state officials to uphold the constitution. No religious test required as qualification for public office
Articles of Confederation
the original constitution of the US, ratified in 1781, which was replaced by the US Constitution in 1789.
Benjamin Franklin
He was a Founding Father and a polymath, inventor, scientist, printer, politician, Freemason and diplomat.
Bill of Rights
It is the first ten amendments to the US Constitution, ratified in 1791 and guaranteeing such rights as the freedoms of speech, assembly, and worship.
Checks and Balances
Counterbalancing influences by which an organization or system is regulated, typically those ensuring that political power is not concentrated in the hands of individuals or groups.
Common Sense
Common Sense is a pamphlet written by Thomas Paine in 1775-76 that inspired people in the Thirteen Colonies to declare and fight for independence from Great Britain in the summer of 1776.
Constitution
The basic written set of principles and precedents of federal government in the US, which came into operation in 1789 and has since been modified by twenty-seven amendments.
Constitutional Convention
The gathering that drafted the Constitution of the United States in 1787; all states were invited to send delegates. The convention, meeting in Philadelphia, designed a government with separate legislative, executive, and judicial branches.
Crispus Attucks
It was an African-American man killed during the Boston Massacre and thus believed to be the first casualty of the American Revolution.
Critical Period
Periods when a major, lasting shift occurs in the popular coalition supporting one or both parties.
Declaration of Independence
Tthe formal statement written by Thomas Jefferson declaring the freedom of the thirteen American colonies from Great Britain.
Electoral College
A body of people representing the states of the US, who formally cast votes for the election of the president and vice president.
Enumerated Powers
The powers of the federal government that are specifically described in the Constitution which describe how a central government with three distinct branches can operate.
Federalism
Federalism is a system of government in which entities such as states or provinces share power with a national government.
Federalists
a member of a major political party in the early years of the U.S. that wanted a strong central government.
The Federalist Papers
They are a collection of 85 articles and essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay under the pseudonym “Publius” to promote the ratification of the United States Constitution.
First Continental Congress
The First Continental Congress was a meeting of delegates from twelve of the Thirteen Colonies who met from September 5 to October 26, 1774, at Carpenters’ Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, early in the American Revolution.
French and Indian War
A series of military engagements between Britain and France in North America between 1754 and 1763.
Full Faith and credit clause
It states that the various states must recognize legislative acts, public records, and judicial decisions of the other states within the United States.
George Washington
He was commander in chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War (1775-83) and served two terms as the first U.S. president, from 1789 to 1797.
Great Compromise
the agreement by which Congress would have two houses, the Senate where each state gets equal representation two senators and the House of Representatives where representation is based on population.
Implied Powers
They are powers not explicitly named in the Constitution but assumed to exist due to their being necessary to implement the expressed powers that are named in Article I.
Inherent Powers
They are those powers that Congress and the president need in order to get the job done right. Although not specified in the Constitution, they are reasonable powers that are a logical part of the powers delegated to Congress and the president.
James Madison
He wrote the first drafts of the U.S. Constitution, co-wrote the Federalist Papers and sponsored the Bill of Rights. He established the Democrat-Republican Party with President Thomas Jefferson, and became president himself in 1808.
John Jay
was an American statesman, Patriot, diplomat, one of the Founding Fathers of the United States, negotiator and signatory of the Treaty of Paris of 1783, second Governor of New York, and the first Chief Justice of the United States
Lexington and Concord
In April 1775, when British troops are sent to confiscate colonial weapons, they run into an untrained and angry militia. This ragtag army defeats 700 British soldiers and the surprise victory bolsters their confidence for the war ahead.
Mercantilism
The belief in the benefits of profitable trading; commercialism.
Montesquieu
He was a French political analyst who lived during the Age of Enlightenment. He is best known for his thoughts on the separation of powers.
Necessary and Proper clause
A section of the United States Constitution that enables Congress to make the laws required for the exercise of its other powers established by the Constitution.
New Jersey Plan
It was a proposal for the structure of the United States Government presented by William Paterson at the Constitutional Convention on June 15, 1787.
New world
The New World is a name used for the Western Hemisphere. It specifically refers to the Americas.
Political Culture
Political culture is the set of attitudes, beliefs, and sentiments which give order and meaning to a political process and which provide the underlying assumptions and rules that govern behavior in the political system. It encompasses both the political ideals and the operating norms of a polity.
Samuel Adams
Adams helped formulate resistance to the Stamp Act and played a vital role in organizing the Boston Tea Party. He was a second cousin of U.S. President John Adams, with whom he urged a final break from Great Britain, and a signee of the U.S. Declaration of Independence.
Second Continental Congress
The Second Continental Congress was a convention of delegates from the 13 colonies that formed in Philadelphia in May 1775, soon after the launch of the American Revolutionary War.
Separation of Powers
An act of vesting the legislative, executive, and judicial powers of government in separate bodies.
Shays’s Rebellion
Shays’ Rebellion was an armed uprising in Massachusetts, mostly in and around Springfield during 1786 and 1787. American Revolutionary War veteran Daniel Shays led four thousand rebels in a protest against perceived economic and civil rights injustices.
Social contract theory
The voluntary agreement among individuals by which, according to any of various theories, as of Hobbes, Locke, or Rousseau, organized society is brought into being and invested with the right to secure mutual protection and welfare or to regulate the relations among its members.
Sons and Daughters of Liberty
The Daughters of Liberty signifies the formal women Patriot association that was formed in 1765 to protest the Stamp Act and later the Townshend Acts, as well as a general term for women who identified themselves as fighting for liberty during the American Revolution.
Stamp Act Congress
It was a meeting held between October 7 and 25, 1765, in New York City consisting of representatives from some of the British colonies in North America; it was the first gathering of elected representatives from several of the American colonies to devise a unified protest against new British taxation.
Supremacy clause
It assures that the Constitution and federal laws and treaties take precedence over state law and binds all judges to adhere to that principle in their courts.
Thomas jefferson
He was a draftsman of the U.S. Declaration of Independence; the nation’s first secretary of state (1789-94); second vice president (1797-1801); and, as the third president (1801-09), the statesman responsible for the Louisiana Purchase.
Thomas Paine
Thomas Paine was an English American writer and pamphleteer whose “Common Sense” and other writings influenced the American Revolution, and helped pave the way for the Declaration of Independence.
Three-Fifths Compromise
Three Fifths Compromise, that slaves should be counted at three fifths of their real number. The Three Fifths Compromise resolved the issue of counting slaves towards population in regards to representation in the House of Representatives.
Virginia Plan
The Virginia Plan proposed a strong central government composed of three branches: legislative, executive, and judicial.
