The Eye + Brain

Question 1

What is the Sclera

Answer 1

It is the fibrous outer structure of the eye, used to protect the eye and provide attachment surfaces for the muscles

Question 2

What is the cornea

Answer 2

It is a thin transparent layer that covers the front of the eye.
It’s curved shape helps converge the light rays that enter the eye and focus them on the retina

Question 3

What is the iris

Answer 3

It is a transparent and flexible biconvex lens behind the cornea which focuses light clearly onto the retina

Question 4

What is the pupil

Answer 4

A hole in the middle of the iris where the light is allowed or continue its passage to the eye

Question 5

What is the aqueous humour

Answer 5

The aqueous humour is a transparent liquid that plays an essential role in the health of your eye

Question 6

What is the optic nerve

Answer 6

The optic nerve is the largest sensory nerve of the eye, it carries impulses for sight from the retina to the brain

Question 7

What is the retina

Answer 7

A layer of sensory neurones, the key structures bring photoreceptors (rods and cone cells) which respond to light

Question 8

What do cones detect

Answer 8

Colour, and they do not work well in dim light

Question 9

rod cells detect

Answer 9

Light intensity, and work well in dim light

Question 10

What is the choroid

Answer 10

It is a pigmented layer of tissue lining the inside of the sclera that prevents the reflection of light rays inside the eyeball

Question 11

What is the lens

Answer 11

The lens is a transparent bio convex lens that focuses light clearly onto the retina

Question 12

How are images formed in our brain

Answer 12

1) the cornea refracts light, providing most of the focus to the incoming light
2) the light passes through the pupil and is further refracted by the lens
3) this creates an image on the retina
4) photoreceptors in the retina produce a nervous impulse when exposed to light.
5) the impulse travels down the optic nerve to the brain, which interprets the impulses as a visual image

Question 13

How to focus on close things

Answer 13

The ciliary muscle contracts, and the suspensory muscles loosen, making the lens more convex (fat). This means that more light is refracted helping you focus well on close objects

Question 14

How to focus on far objects

Answer 14

The ciliary muscle relaxes, and the suspensory muscles contract, making the lens less convex (thinner). This means that less light is refracted helping you focus on farther objects but not as clearly as close ones

Question 15

What is shortsightedness

Answer 15

• you can see close objects easily but not far objects
  Caused by eyeball being too long or lens being too strong

Question 16

What is longsightedness

Answer 16

• you can see objects far away but not objects close
  Caused by lens being too weak or eyeball being too short

Question 17

What is the choroid

Answer 17

The choroid is a tissue layer between the sclera and retina that contains blood vessels supplying oxygen and nutrients to the eye.

Question 18

What is the cerebrum

Answer 18

The largest part of the brain, made of the cerebral cortex, and controls complex behaviours such as learning, memory, personality, and consciousness

Question 19

What is the cerebellum

Answer 19

Part of the brain which controls posture, balance, and involuntary movements

Question 20

What is the medulla

Answer 20

Part of the brain which controls automatic actions such as heart rate and breathing

Question 21

What is the hypothalamus

Answer 21

Part of the brain which regulates temperature and water balance

Question 22

What is the pituitary gland

Answer 22

The part of the brain that stores and releases hormones that regulate many bodily functions

Question 23

What is the hypothalamus

Answer 23

The part of the brain which regulates temperature and water balance

Question 24

What is the Broca’s area

Answer 24

This area of the brain acts as a command center, orchestrating the complex muscle movements necessary for articulating spoken words.