The Eye + Brain Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Sclera

A

It is the fibrous outer structure of the eye (the white part of the eye), used to protect the eye and provide attachment surfaces for the muscles

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2
Q

What is the cornea

A

It is a thin transparent layer that covers the front of the eye.
It’s curved shape helps converge the light rays that enter the eye and focus them on the retina

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3
Q

What is the eye lens

A

It is a transparent and flexible biconvex lens behind the cornea which focuses light clearly onto the retina

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4
Q

What is the pupil

A

A hole in the middle of the iris where the light is allowed or continue its passage to the eye

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5
Q

What is the aqueous humour

A

The aqueous humour is a transparent liquid that plays an essential role in the health of your eye

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6
Q

What is the optic nerve

A

The optic nerve is the largest sensory nerve of the eye, it carries impulses for sight from the retina to the brain

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7
Q

What is the retina

A

the light-sensitive sensory neurones lining the back of the eye containing specialized cells called photoreceptors (rods and cones) that detect light.

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8
Q

What do cones detect

A

Colour, and they do not work well in dim light

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9
Q

rod cells detect

A

Light intensity, and work well in dim light

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10
Q

What is the choroid

A

It is a pigmented layer of tissue lining the inside of the sclera that prevents the reflection of light rays inside the eyeball

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11
Q

What is the lens

A

The lens is a transparent bio convex lens that focuses light clearly onto the retina

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12
Q

How are images formed in our brain

A

1) the cornea refracts light, providing most of the focus to the incoming light
2) the light passes through the pupil and is further refracted by the lens
3) this creates an image on the retina
4) photoreceptors in the retina produce a nervous impulse when exposed to light.
5) the impulse travels down the optic nerve to the brain, which interprets the impulses as a visual image

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13
Q

How to focus on close things

A

-> The ciliary muscle contracts
-> the suspensory muscles loosen,
-> making the lens more convex (fat).

This means that more light is refracted helping you focus well on close objects

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14
Q

How to focus on far objects

A

The ciliary muscle relaxes, and the suspensory muscles contract, making the lens concave (thinner). This means that less light is refracted helping you focus on farther objects but not as clearly as close ones

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15
Q

What is shortsightedness

A
  • you can see close objects easily but not far objects
    Caused by eyeball being too long or lens being too strong
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16
Q

What is longsightedness

A
  • you can see objects far away but not objects close
    Caused by lens being too weak or eyeball being too short
17
Q

What is the choroid

A

The choroid is a tissue layer between the sclera and retina that contains blood vessels supplying oxygen and nutrients to the eye.

18
Q

What is the cerebrum

A

The largest part of the brain, made of the cerebral cortex, and controls complex behaviours such as learning, memory, personality, and consciousness

19
Q

What is the cerebellum

A

Part of the brain which controls posture, balance, and involuntary movements

20
Q

What is the medulla

A

Part of the brain which controls automatic actions such as heart rate and breathing

21
Q

What is the hypothalamus

A

Part of the brain which regulates temperature and water balance

22
Q

What is the pituitary gland

A

The part of the brain that stores and releases hormones that regulate many bodily functions

23
Q

What is the hypothalamus

A

The part of the brain which regulates temperature and water balance

24
Q

What is the Broca’s area

A

This area of the brain acts as a command center, orchestrating the complex muscle movements necessary for articulating spoken words.

25
What type of lens can be used to fix longsightedness
Convex lens
26
What type of lens is used to fix short sightedness
Concave lens
27
Why does a concave lens help treat short sightedness
Diverges the light rays (pushes the light rays apart) to then focus them on the retina
28
How do convex lenses help treat long sightedness
Causes light to converge (push together) to focus on the retina
29
What part kf the eye does light pass through first
Cornea
30
What happens when there is low light levels
-> Pupil of the eye dialates -> radial muscles contract -> allows more light to enter the eye
31
Why is it hard to see when your retina is damaged
Results in light and colour receptors being damaged
32
What are cones and rods
Specialised cells in the retina
33
What do cone cells detect
Colour
34
What do rod cells detect
Respond to Light levels
35