Active Transport And Osmosis

Question 1

Osmosis

Answer 1

Movement of water from an area of high water potential to an area of low water potential through a semi permeable membrane

Question 2

Hypotonic

Answer 2

A substance that has a low solute concentration and a high water potential

Question 3

Isotonic

Answer 3

A solution that has the same solute content as water potential

Question 4

Hypertonic

Answer 4

Substance has a high solute concentration and a low water potential

Question 5

Concentration gradient

Answer 5

The difference between the number of particles in a high concentration area and a concentration area

Question 6

Haemolysis/lysed

Answer 6

When the red blood cell gained so much water due to osmosis that they burst this is because they don’t have a cell wall

Question 7

Lysis

Answer 7

The breakdown of a cell caused by damage to its outer membrane

Question 8

Plasmolysed

Answer 8

When a plant cell loses so much water due to osmosis that the cell membrane moves and shrinks away from the cell wall

Question 9

Flaccid

Answer 9

When the cell has lost so much water, that the cytoplasm shrinks away from the cell wall

Question 10

Turgid

Answer 10

That has gained so much water, due to osmosis, that is unable to hold anymore water and becomes swollen, stretching the cell wall to the point of bursting

Question 11

In osmosis water will

Answer 11

Move from an area of HIGH concentration to low concentration

Question 12

Net movement of water (in osmosis

Answer 12

Overall movement of water from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution

Question 13

Partially permeable membrane (in osmosis)

Answer 13

Will allow only water to pass through, and won’t let larger dissolved molecules pass through

Question 14

What is diffusion

Answer 14

Diffusion is the net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration

Question 15

What is active transport

Answer 15

• Active transport is the net movement of particles against a
  concentration gradient.

• Energy is therefore required.

Question 16

Examples of active transport in humans and plants

Answer 16

Mineral absorption in plants - mineral ions are nessacary for growth

Sugar absorption in the human gut - sugar molecules are needed for cell respiration

Question 17

Factors that will increase the concentration gradient in gas exchange

Answer 17

• more ventilation
• big concentration difference

Question 18

Examples of exchange surfaces

Answer 18

Roots - taking up north water and minerals from the soil around them
Lungs - • The lungs are adapted for exchanging carbon dioxide and oxygen
between the blood and air.
Small intestine - The small intestine is adapted for exchanging nutrients between digested food in the small intestine and the blood.
Gills - The gills are adapted for exchanging oxygen that is dissolved in water, with the carbon dioxide in a fish’s bloodstream.