Respiration

Question 1

Purpose

Answer 1

To produce energy in the form of ATP from larger molecules (like sugars)

Question 2

What type of reaction is respiration

Answer 2

Exothermic, because it releases energy into the surroundings

Question 3

When does aerobic respiration take place?

Answer 3

When there is oxygen available

Question 4

Word equation

Answer 4

Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon dioxide + Water (+ energy)

Question 5

Symbol equation

Answer 5

C6H12O6 + 602 —> 6CO2+6H2O+(energy)

Question 6

Anaerobic respiration takes place when

Answer 6

When there is little to no oxygen available

Question 7

Anaerobic respiration in animals word equation

Answer 7

Glucose —> lactic acid + co2 (in animals )

Question 8

Anaerobic respiration in yeast

Answer 8

Glucose —> Ethanol + co2

Question 9

What type of respiration produces more ATP

Answer 9

Aerobic (19x more)

Question 10

What is oxygen debt

Answer 10

The extra oxygen that is needed to break down the lactic acid formed in anaerobic respiration

Question 11

What type of molecules are carbohydrates and proteins?

Answer 11

Polymers

Question 12

What are the monomers that make up proteins?

Answer 12

Amino acids

Question 13

What enzymes break down carbs

Answer 13

Carbohydrase

Question 14

What enzymes break down proteins

Answer 14

Protease

Question 15

What enzymes break down lipids

Answer 15

Lipase, produce fatty acids and glycerol

Question 16

What breaks down carbs to form simple sugars

Answer 16

Amylase

Question 17

Where is amylase made

Answer 17

• small intestines
• pancreas

Question 18

Test for starch

Answer 18

Iodine
The solution starts off orange, and if starch is present it gives blue black

Question 19

Test for sugars

Answer 19

Benedict’s
Goes from blue solution to greenish yellow

Question 20

Test for protein

Answer 20

Biurets
Goes from blur to lilac/purple

Question 21

Test for lipids

Answer 21

Ethanol
A white precipitate means reaction has taken place

Sugar paper
Paper remains translucent if lipids are present

Question 22

How do you test for starch

Answer 22

Mash up substance, add two to thee drops of iodine solution

Question 23

How do you test for sugars

Answer 23

-> break up food if needed
-> boil in water heater
-> add in Benedict’s
-> colour change from blue to green to orange to brick red indicates sugars

Question 24

How to test for fats

Answer 24

-> rub food onto sugar paper
-> after half an hour, hold it up to window or light source
-> the paper will remain transparent if fats/lipids are present

Question 25

How to test for starches

Answer 25

-> crush your food into pieces -> add into a spotting tile -> add iodine -> colour change from orange to blue black indicates starch presence

Question 26

How to test for proteins

Answer 26

-> put a clean bung on the tube containing the food and the biurets regent -> mix vigorously -> colour change to purple indicates protein presence

Question 27

Explain why a composting bin which uses aerobic bacteria needs holes in it (2 marks)

Answer 27

To allow oxygen to enter and for aerobic respiration to take place

Question 28

Scientists think that bokashi composting (anaerobic composting) is better than regular aerobic composting for the planet explain why

Answer 28

-> aerobic respiration releases CO2 amd can pollute the environment as it is a greenhouse gas -> anaerobic respiration releases less CO2 and is safer for the planet

Question 29

Scientists think Bokashi (anaerobic composting) composting is better from the planter than aerobic compost explain why

Answer 29

-> aerobic respiration releases CO2 amd can pollute the environment as it is a greenhouse gas -> anaerobic respiration releases less CO2 and is safer for the planet

Question 30

Phosphor blacks the mitochondria in rat cells. Why is this a bad thing

Answer 30

- blocking the mitochondria would mean that the less or even no respiration would take place in the rats cells -> this means less ATP is released -> this means key cell, functions such as protein synthesis will be disrupted and won’t take place

Question 31

Composting decompsoes more slowly above 60 degrees and below 30 degrees Use ideas about enzymes and decompositions to explain why this is

Answer 31

Above 60 degrees the active site of the enzyme in the decomposers had changed shape, causing it to denature and the substrate no longer binding to it meaning that the reaction would take place much slower Below 30 degrees the enzymes in the decompsoers would work too slowly.

Question 32

Are lipids polymers

Answer 32

No