Respiration Flashcards
Purpose
To produce energy in the form of ATP from larger molecules (like sugars)
What type of reaction is respiration
Exothermic, because it releases energy into the surroundings
When does aerobic respiration take place?
When there is oxygen available
Word equation
Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon dioxide + Water (+ energy)
Symbol equation
C6H12O6 + 602 —> 6CO2+6H2O+(energy)
Anaerobic respiration takes place when
When there is little to no oxygen available
Anaerobic respiration in animals word equation
Glucose —> lactic acid + co2 (in animals )
Anaerobic respiration in yeast
Glucose —> Ethanol + co2
What type of respiration produces more ATP
Aerobic (19x more)
What is oxygen debt
The extra oxygen that is needed to break down the lactic acid formed in anaerobic respiration
What type of molecules are carbohydrates and proteins?
Polymers
What are the monomers that make up proteins?
Amino acids
What enzymes break down carbs
Carbohydrase
What enzymes break down proteins
Protease
What enzymes break down lipids
Lipase, produce fatty acids and glycerol
What breaks down carbs to form simple sugars
Amylase
Where is amylase made
- small intestines
- pancreas
Test for starch
Iodine
The solution starts off orange, and if starch is present it gives blue black
Test for sugars
Benedict’s
Goes from blue solution to greenish yellow
Test for protein
Biurets
Goes from blur to lilac/purple
Test for lipids
Ethanol
A white precipitate means reaction has taken place
Sugar paper
Paper remains translucent if lipids are present
How do you test for starch
Mash up substance, add two to thee drops of iodine solution
How do you test for sugars
-> break up food if needed
-> boil in water heater
-> add in Benedict’s
-> colour change from blue to green to orange to brick red indicates sugars
How to test for fats
-> rub food onto sugar paper
-> after half an hour, hold it up to window or light source
-> the paper will remain transparent if fats/lipids are present
How to test for starches
-> crush your food into pieces
-> add into a spotting tile
-> add iodine
-> colour change from orange to blue black indicates starch presence
How to test for proteins
-> put a clean bung on the tube containing the food and the biurets regent
-> mix vigorously
-> colour change to purple indicates protein presence
Explain why a composting bin which uses aerobic bacteria needs holes in it (2 marks)
To allow oxygen to enter and for aerobic respiration to take place
Scientists think that bokashi composting (anaerobic composting) is better than regular aerobic composting for the planet explain why
-> aerobic respiration releases CO2 amd can pollute the environment as it is a greenhouse gas
-> anaerobic respiration releases less CO2 and is safer for the planet
Scientists think Bokashi (anaerobic composting) composting is better from the planter than aerobic compost explain why
-> aerobic respiration releases CO2 amd can pollute the environment as it is a greenhouse gas
-> anaerobic respiration releases less CO2 and is safer for the planet
Phosphor blacks the mitochondria in rat cells. Why is this a bad thing
- blocking the mitochondria would mean that the less or even no respiration would take place in the rats cells
-> this means less ATP is released
-> this means key cell, functions such as protein synthesis will be disrupted and won’t take place
Composting decompsoes more slowly above 60 degrees and below 30 degrees
Use ideas about enzymes and decompositions to explain why this is
Above 60 degrees the active site of the enzyme in the decomposers had changed shape, causing it to denature and the substrate no longer binding to it meaning that the reaction would take place much slower
Below 30 degrees the enzymes in the decompsoers would work too slowly.
Are lipids polymers
No
