Cell Cycle + Mitosis Flashcards
What are chromosomes made up of
Chromosomes are made up of many different genes that encode different proteins
What is mitosis
It is the second stage of the cell cycle
What happens during the first stage of the cell cycle (initial growth)
Extra sub cellar structures are produced
The cells chromosomes are replicated, so that’s there are two sets of
What happens during mitosis
The two sets of chromosomes are pulled apart and are pulled to different ends of the cell
The cytoplasm and cell membranes also divide to create two identical cells
How many chromosomes do regular body and sex cells have
Body cells - 46
Sex cells - 23
What are stem cells
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that have not yet specialised to perform a specific function
Where are plant stem cells found
They are found in the meristems
What do plant stem cells allow the plants to do
They can differentiate into differentiate into all types of plant cells throughout the life of the plant, meaning that the paint can grow its whole life
Where are human stem cells found
They are found mainly in the bone marrow, but also in other tissues and organs
What can human stem cells do
Adult stem cells can differentiate into fewer cell types than embry cells. They are used to replace dying cells and damaged tissues
What is cell differentiation
The process where a cell develops new sub cellular structures to let it perform a specific function. When this happens, the cell becomes specialised
Stem cells can be used to
- replace damaged cells in the body
- plants stem cells could help protect rare plant species from extinction
What are the downsides of stem cell transplantation
- people think it’s not ethical
- could lead to viral infections.
- if the stem cells keep multiplying it could lead to cancer
