The Eye

Question 1

which part of brain is dedicated to vision?

Answer 1

occipital lobe

Question 2

schlera

Answer 2

thick structural layer which covers the exposed portion of the eye
white of the eye

Question 3

What are two blood vessels going into the eye?

Answer 3

choroidal & retinal vessel

Question 4

retina

Answer 4

contains photoreceptors that turn the light into electrical signals

Question 5

cornea

Answer 5

A clear window which gathers and focuses the incoming light onto the eye

Question 6

iris

Answer 6

colored part of the eye

Question 7

anterior chamber

Answer 7

lies in front of the iris

Question 8

Posterior chamber

Answer 8

Lies between the iris and the lens

Question 9

dilator pupillae

Answer 9

muscle of Iris
makes pupil bigger after receiving signal from ‘fight or flight’ system

Question 10

Constrictor pupilae

Answer 10

constricts pupil after receiving signal from ‘rest and digest’ system

Question 11

Aqueous humor

Answer 11

fluid made by ciliary body
Fills the front part of the eye; drains out from a channel (canal of schlemm)

Question 12

ciliary body

Answer 12

A ring of tissue behind the iris

Question 13

Lens

Answer 13

controls how light enters the eye (bends or refracted

Question 14

Accomodation

Answer 14

Helps eye focus on objects on different distances

Contracts muscle to constrict the pupil during ‘rest & digest’; pulls suspensory ligaments

Question 15

Ciliary muscle

Answer 15

under parasympathetic control; component of ciliary body

Question 16

Vitreous

Answer 16

a clear gel that helps keep retina in place

Question 17

Duplexity/duplicity theory of vision

Answer 17

states that retina contains two kinds of photoreceptors

those specialized for light and dark
those specialized for color detection

Question 18

cones
what are the forms of cones? how many?
name them

Answer 18

for color and fine details
Most effective in bright light
Comes in three forms: short (blue), medium (green), long (red)

Question 19

Rods

Answer 19

More functional and sense light and dark
Low sensitivity to details; No color vision

Question 20

Rhodopsin

Answer 20

the single pigment of rods

Question 21

Fovea

Answer 21

center point of macula (center of retina) that contains only cones

Question 22

bipolar cells

Answer 22

Rods and cones connect to these cells.
They help to highlight differences between adjacent rods or cones

Question 23

ganglion cells

Answer 23

Bipolar cells connect to ganglion cells.
These cells group together to form the optic nerve, which sends visual information to your brain

Question 24

where are horizontal cells and bipolar cells located ?

Answer 24

they are located in front of the rods and cones, closer to the front of the eye.

Question 25

why does color vision can see more detail than black and white vision ?

Answer 25

fewer cones connect to a single ganglion cell than rods

Question 26

Parallel Processing

Answer 26

being able to easily recognize and understand what is happening because of the color, shape, and motion

Question 27

spatial resolution

Answer 27

Very fine details of an object

Question 28

parvocellular cells

Answer 28

Cells that detect shape; that have a very high color spatial resolution

Question 29

temporal resolution

Answer 29

refers to how quickly something can change or happen over time.

Question 30

Magnocellular cells

Answer 30

detect motion
have low temporal resolution

Question 31

Visual Cortex

Answer 31

Region of the cerebral cortex located in the occupital lobe of the brain
Processes visual information received from the eyes

Question 32

optic chiasm

Answer 32

Forest event as the signal travels through the optic nerves towards the brain
Spot in the brain where optic nerves cross each other

Question 33

lateral geniculate nucleus

Answer 33

Structure in the thalamus
role in visual pathway
Broadcasts information from the retina to the visual cortex

Question 34

Sympathetic nervous system

Answer 34

dial its pupil for fight or flight
allowing more light

Question 35

Parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 35

Constricts pupil to restrict light