Language

Question 1

phenomes

Answer 1

speech sounds (40)

Question 2

phonology

Answer 2

actual sound of language

Question 3

Categorical perception

Answer 3

Ability to distinguish between a change in speech sound and the meaning

Question 4

Morphology

Answer 4

Structure of words

Question 5

Morphemes

Answer 5

Smallest word with the meaning or smallest part of a word without a meaning

Question 6

semantics

Answer 6

how words represents concepts or references

Question 7

syntax

Answer 7

How words are put together to form sentences

Question 8

pragmatics

Answer 8

Dependence of language on context and preexisting knowledge

Question 9

prosody

Answer 9

rhythms, cadence and inflection of our voices

Question 10

Timeline of language acquisition

Answer 10

12-18 months
learn 1 word/month

Question 11

explosion of language

Answer 11

18+ months for child
Gestures, inflection & context

Question 12

errors of growth

Answer 12

grammatical errors

Question 13

When do children start combining words and have errors of growth

Answer 13

They start combining words at 18 to 20 months
At 2-3 old they speak in longer sentences and vocabulary expands

Question 14

When is language mastered?

Answer 14

5 years old

Question 15

transformation grammer

Answer 15

changes in the order of the words that retain the same meaning

Question 16

innate

Answer 16

existing in someone from birth

Question 17

Language acquisition device

Answer 17

Innate ability of a child to effortlessly change words to retain the same meaning at an early age

Question 18

critical period

Answer 18

From two years to probity when the child learns most of the language

Question 19

Sensitive period

Answer 19

Time when the environment has the most effect for developing an ability in the child
If person does not learn some aspects of language in this, he cannot fully master it later

Question 20

B.F Skinner Learning behavior theory

Answer 20

Using operant conditioning to make a child learn language (rewarding or punishing)

Question 21

social interaction theory

Answer 21

Language development focuses on the interplay between biological and social
processes (child’s desires to talk)

Question 22

Which side of the brain is responsible for language and speech production?

Answer 22

Left hemisphere

Question 22

Whorfian Hypothesis
linguistic relativity hypothesis

Answer 22

Language affects the way we think

Question 23

Broca’s area

Answer 23

🌴Controls model function of speech through the connection of model cortex
🌴located in the inferior frontal gyrus of the frontal lobe

Question 24

Wernicke’s area

Answer 24

🌴Responsible for language comprehension
🌴located in the superior temporal gyrus of the temporal lobe

Question 25

arcuate fasciculus

Answer 25

connects Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas
Bundle of Axons that connect language and speech areas

Question 26

aphasia

Answer 26

a condition that affects a person’s ability to communicate.
usually caused by damage to the brain, often from a stroke or head injury

Question 27

Broca’s expressive aphasia

Answer 27

language disorder that affects a person’s ability to produce speech

Question 28

Wernicke’s (receptive) aphasia

Answer 28

🌴Speech comprehension is lost
🌴Motor production and speech fluency is retained
🌴patients speak nonsensical sounds + inappropriate word combinations
🌴Believe they are speaking and understanding well

Question 29

Conduction aphasia

Answer 29

Patient cannot repeat what has been said