CRT — Touch Smell Flashcards
Critical reasoning test
If the two-point threshold is higher on a certain area of the skin, what can be inferred about the nerve density in that area?
A) The nerve density is higher, meaning it can distinguish two points more easily.
B) The nerve density is lower, meaning it requires a greater distance to distinguish two points.
C) The area is likely to have more free nerve endings, which are less specialized for touch.
D) The area has a higher concentration of Pacinian corpuscles, allowing for precise detection.
b
Given that Meissner corpuscles are sensitive to light touch, what might be the functional implication for an area of skin with a high density of these receptors?
A) The area would be more sensitive to vibration and deep pressure.
B) The area would be less sensitive to temperature changes.
C) The area would be particularly sensitive to slight, low-frequency vibrations and gentle touch.
D) The area would likely experience a heightened sensitivity to pain signals.
c
How does the lack of an accessory olfactory epithelium and accessory olfactory bulb in humans impact their ability to sense pheromones compared to animals?
A) Humans would still be able to sense pheromones, but with a lower intensity than animals.
B) Without these structures, humans cannot process pheromones as effectively as animals, limiting their ability to detect chemical signals.
C) The lack of these structures means humans can detect pheromones through the primary olfactory pathway, but it is less efficient.
D) Humans are unaffected in terms of pheromone detection because other parts of the olfactory system compensate for this lack.
b
What might be the consequence if the gate theory of pain were to malfunction?
A) Pain signals would be transmitted with greater intensity, leading to increased sensitivity to injury.
B) The perception of pain would be entirely blocked, preventing all sensations of discomfort.
C) Pain signals would be eliminated from the body, and touch sensations would be amplified.
D) Pain would be perceived only in response to minor stimuli, possibly causing chronic discomfort.
a
The cribriform plate separates the brain and the olfactory epithelium. If this structure were damaged, what potential consequence might arise?
A) There would be no effect on olfactory function because the olfactory bulb would still be intact.
B) Sensory signals from the olfactory receptors would be disrupted, impairing the sense of smell.
C) There would be a decrease in the ability to detect pain signals.
D) The individual would lose the ability to detect light touch, as the cribriform plate also contributes to tactile sensation.
b
Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the fact that Pacinian corpuscles respond to deep pressure and vibration?
A) Pacinian corpuscles are primarily responsible for detecting temperature changes and pain.
B) The location of Pacinian corpuscles would be most beneficial in areas requiring sensitivity to subtle changes in pressure.
C) Areas with a high concentration of Pacinian corpuscles would be more likely to detect light touch than deep pressure.
D) Pacinian corpuscles can only detect pain signals, not vibration or pressure.
b
How might the presence of a high density of Ruffini endings in a certain area of skin influence its role in sensory perception?
A) The area would be better suited for detecting deep pressure, texture, and stretch.
B) The area would have heightened sensitivity to low-frequency vibrations.
C) The area would be more sensitive to temperature changes rather than pressure.
D) The area would be less sensitive to mechanical stretch and more sensitive to pain signals.
a
If someone experiences a heightened sensitivity to pain, which factor in the gate theory of pain might be at play?
A) A malfunction in the gating mechanism, causing pain signals to bypass the gate and be sent to the brain with greater intensity.
B) An increased number of sensory receptors in the pain pathway, amplifying the sensation.
C) A blockage of the nerve pathways that prevent pain signals from reaching the brain.
D) The overactivity of Meissner corpuscles, which is unrelated to pain but affects tactile sensitivity
a
Considering the role of the olfactory bulb, what could happen if it were damaged?
A) The individual would lose the sense of taste completely.
B) The individual would experience a loss of the sense of smell or anosmia.
C) The person would lose the ability to differentiate between touch sensations.
D) The person would experience heightened sensitivity to light touch.
b
How would a malfunction in the G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) cells in the olfactory system affect the sense of smell?
A) The individual would still be able to smell, but with a diminished ability to detect different odors.
B) The G-protein would activate the wrong channels, causing excessive sensitivity to smells.
C) The inability of the GPCR to open ion channels would prevent the transmission of olfactory signals, impairing the sense of smell.
D) The individual would not perceive pain signals because the GPCRs are essential for pain reception.
c
