The Enviornment & Building Envelope Flashcards by Delaney Payne

Thinking of the human body… buildings have thus in common…

System of structure and utilities that support it.
Requires a skeleton , nerves, pumps, lungs and brain.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Plenums

Overhead element. Space between the ceiling and structure.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Chases

In between the walls

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Service Cores

Big components. Core if the building ( think of bathrooms)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is M/E/P

Mechanical systems ( heating, ventilation, and air conditioning)
Electrical (power and light)
Plumbing Systems ( fresh and waste )

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Dynamic Building Envelope include

Operable windows, window shading devices, and insulation shutters.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Energy Efficency

Envelope. Distribution. Equipment. Lighting. Applicances.
Positives Rating Systems: energy star homes, EPA indoor air plus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Indoor Environment Quality

Bulk moisture. Radon. Pest control. HVAC. combust. Materials. Commissioning
Positive ratings: passive house institute US.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Resource Efficiency

Site planning. Location. Water. Materials. Waste management. Renewables.
Positive ratings: LEED. Water Sense. Certified Green Homed and Remodleing

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Restorative

Zero energy. Captured rain water. Black water remediation. Realist free materials, air quality testing. Accessibility. Aesthetics. Mental health, sustainable business.
Positive Rating: Living Building Challenge

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

USGBC stands for?

US Green Building Council

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

LEED stands for?

Leadership in Energy and Enviornmental Design

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

ASHRAE stands for ?

The American society of heating, refrigerating and air conditioning engineers

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How many certification levels are there for USGBC?

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

4 properties of Heat Flow

Thermal Conductivity. Thermal Bridges. Thermal Mass. Thermal Properties of Building Materials.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

U-Value

Measure thermal resistance of other building envelope materials. Low # mean better performance. Heat loss through glass

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

R-value

Thermal resistance. Stop the transfer of heat or cold. Typically an exterior wall. They are both mathematical reciprocals

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Calibrated Blower Door Test

Hopes to find the happy balance between not letting air out but also not holding too much

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Moisture Flow

Vapor Pressure. Vapor Retarders

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Insulation Materials

Air Spaces and Air Barriers.
Air is the best insulator

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Passive Solar Systems have 2 elements

A collector with south facing glazing (northern hemisphere)
Energy Storage which is usually a thermal massive materials such as a rock or water

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Direct Gain Systems

Defenestration. Simplest passive solar home design technique. Sunlight enters the house through windows without interference and the heat collection, storage and distribution all occur within the same space.
When light reaches floors and walls, they absorb and store the solar heat.
At night the stored heat energy warms the room through convection and radiation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Indirect Gain Systems

Thermal storage walls. Roof ponds. Greenhouses and sunspaces. A technique by which thermal energy is stored in an area adjacent to (but not part of) the living space.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Thermal Mass does what?

Such a trombe wall, absorbs the suns heat energy through glazing, and slowly release it through convection and conduction

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What do we depend on buildings for?

Sanitation, visual and accoustic environments, space and means to move, and protection from injury

What is a major concern for building placement?

Site and orientation

What percent of total energy use do buildings account for?

41%

______ ______ is energy that comes from naturally occurring resources

Renewable Energy (Such as sunlight, wind, or geothermal heat)

The use of what is an important sustainable design technique?

Daylight

____ _____consists of the earths internal heat

Geothermal energy

_____ is the organic matter of plants

Biomass

What is thermal lag?

The earth stores hear and releases it at a later time

When is the lowest daily temperature?

Just before sunrise

Fountains, waterfalls, and trees tend to raise ____ and lower _____

Humidity/ temperature

_____ ___ _____ _____ is when the building is taken apart and it’s constituent pieces are reused

Demolition by hand salvage

Historic preservation and adaptive reuse represent the highest form of _____?

Recycling

What is an example or a dynamic building envelope?

Tipi

What are dynamic elements of the building envelope?

Operable windows, window shading devices, and insulating shutters

Rigid exterior walls serve as?

Shear Walls tor transfer lateral wind and earthquake loads

Non load bearing walls are called?

Curtain walls

_____ control thermal radiation, temperature, humidity, and airflow

Roofs

Slope usually 1/4” per foot often leading to interior drains

Flat roof

One or more slopes

Pitched roof

A single pitched slope

Shed roof

Slopes down into two directions from a central ridge, forming a triangular gable at each end

Gable roof

A pitched roof with a shallower upper slope and steeper lower slope on each side

Gambrel roof

Sloping sides like a gable roof, but ends also slope in to meet central ridge

Hip or hipped roof

Resembles a shallow hipped roof set on top of a steeper lower part

Mansard roof

Intensive, extensive, and modular block These are all examples of?

Green roof types

What do green roofs help reduce

the heat island effect in urban areas

"is the instantaneous flow of energy at a give time"

Power

"in the context of buidlings, is power usage over time"

Energy

"is the form of heat energy that flows whenever there is a temperature difference"

Sensible Heat

"is the term for sensible heat that is used to change the state of a material, for example, evaporating water"

Latent Heat

"is the rate at which a building gains or loses heat through any portion of its enclosure under stable indoor and outdoor temperatures"

Thermal Resistance

a branch of science that deals with the relationship between heat and other forms of energy

Thermodynamics

"the tendency toward running down or disorder"

Entropy

What law is this? "Energy can neither be created nor destroyed"

First Law of Thermodynamics

What law is this? "expresses the tendency toward disorder as part of the normal nature of things"

Second Law of thermodynamics

The laws of thermodynamics have specific applications to?

HVAC systems

Defines thermal equilbrium. for example when 2 objects are in equilbrium the third will as well. everything in the end wants to reach the same temperature.

Zeroth law of Thermodynamics

Some parts of walls and roofs transmit heat more rapidly than others. These pieces of construction are called?

Thermal Bridges

How do you increase thermal resistance?

by adding insulation or reflective sheets or by creating more air spaces

The ability of a material to store heat is called?

Thermal Capacity

What does MRT stand for?

Mean Radiant Temperature

materials that resist the flow of water vapor through the envelope assembly are called?

Vapor Retarders

These are all considertaions for what type of design? Orientation, Interior Plan, Slope of glazing, Shading, and Reflectors

Passive Solar Design

this system introduces solar energy directly into the interior space through ordinary fenestration.

Direct-gain passive solar systems

This system places thermal storage mass between the sun and the occupied space. Sunlight strikes the thermal mass; where it is absorbed and stored, then slowly transferred to the occupied space

Indirect Gain systems

Roof ponds are a good example of what type of system?

indirect gain solar systems

" Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs"

Sustainability

_____ _____ is a holsitic approach to building design that reduces negative social, economic, and ecological impacts on the enviornment

Sustainable Design

1) waste equals food: produce everything so that, when its useful life is over, it becomes a healthy source of raw materials to produce new things 2) Respect Diversity: Design everything to respect the region, culture, and materials of a place. 3) Use solar energy: Buildings must be designed to be responsive to this non-polliting and renewable energy source

The 3 principles to guide sustainable design By: William McDonough and Michael Braungart

The goal of ____ _____ is to produce positive enviornmental impact, leacing the world better off in terms of energy, water, and materials

Regenerative Design

_____ _____ is the energy that is used to obtain, process, fabricate, transport, and dispose of a unit of a building material

Embodied energy

the amount of energy the building uses to operate

Energy Loads

What does BREEAM stand for?

the Building Research Establishment's Enviornmental Assessment Method

what does GBI stand for?

Green Building Incentive

the term ____ ____ refers to a voluntary standard for energy efficency in a building that reduces its ecological footprint so that it requires little energy for space heating or cooling

Passice House

Thermal Transmitance. The rate of heat loss through glass. lower numbers = better performance

U-Value

Thermal Resistance the capacity of an insulating material to resist heat flow. the higher the (?) value the greater the insulating power

R-Value

In ______ ______ building design, windows, walls, and floors are made to collect, store, reflect, and distribute solar energy, in the form of heat in the winter and reject solar heat in the summer

Passive Solar

____ _____ heating systems use solar energy to heat a fluid -- either liquid or air -- and then transfer the solar heat directly to the interior space or to a storage system for later use.

Active Solar