The Endocrine Pancreas - Glucagon etc

Question 1

main hormone of fasted state

Answer 1

glucagon

Question 2

what type of hormone is glucagon

Answer 2

peptide

Question 3

what hormones elevate blood glucose

Answer 3

glucagon, epinephrine, cortisol and growth hormone

Question 4

why are amino acids such a potent stimulus for glucagon secretion

Answer 4

because insulin will be released to uptake amino acids, but if its a meal like a steak with lots of protein and not a lot of carbs then insulin will cause hypoglycaemia.
Glucagon is secreted in order to correct this flaw and release more glucose into the blood.

Question 5

effect of glucagon on glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis

Answer 5

it increases them

Question 6

ketone production is increased/decreased by glucagon

Answer 6

increased

Question 7

what are ketones formed from

Answer 7

fatty acids

Question 8

glucagon receptors are GPCR or tyrosine kinase

Answer 8

GPCR

Question 9

system activated by glucagon receptors that phosphorylates liver enzymes to raise BG

Answer 9

adenylatecyclase/cAMP system

Question 10

inhibition of glucagon secretion

Answer 10

glucose, free fatty acids and ketones, insulin and somatostatin.
essentially signs of high BG

Question 11

what stimulates release of glucagon in conjunction with insulin

Answer 11

amino acids

Question 12

what stimuli triggers both insulin and glucagon release

Answer 12

amino acids

Question 13

stimuli of glucagon release

Answer 13

low BG, high amino acids, sympathetic activity, cortisol and stress

Question 14

the presence of cortisol will stimulate/inhibit glucagon secretion

Answer 14

stimulate

Question 15

the presence of somatostatin will stimulate/inhibit glucagon secretion

Answer 15

inhibit

Question 16

vagus activity stimulates/inhibits glucagon sercetion

Answer 16

stimulates

Question 17

sympathetic activity stimulates/inhibits glucagon secretion

Answer 17

stimulates

Question 18

what fasted state hormone can breakdown proteins

Answer 18

cortisol

Question 19

which fasted state hormones can breakdown fats

Answer 19

epinephrine, cortisol and GH

Question 20

where is somatostatin secreted

Answer 20

from the hypothalamus and from D cells of pancreas

Question 21

action of somatostatin

Answer 21

slow down GI tract in various ways

Question 22

what hormones are suppressed by somatostatin

Answer 22

insulin and glucagon and GH (but only when secreted from hypothalamus)

Question 23

in what way is somatostatin not an endocrine hormone

Answer 23

it inhibits insulin and glucagon in a paracrine fashion

Question 24

what would you expect to see in someone with a somatostatin secreting tumour

Answer 24

diabetes like symptoms, as they lose ability to control BG

Question 25

where is growth hormone secreted from

Answer 25

the anterior pituitary

Question 26

where is cortisol secreted from

Answer 26

the suprarenal glands