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Diabetes and Endocrine - Physiology > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

relation of optic chiasm to pituitary gland

A

pituitary gland sits underneath the optic chiasm

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2
Q

visual field defect of pituitary tumour

A

bitemporal hemianopia

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3
Q

stalk that connects posterior to hypothalamus

A

infundibulum

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4
Q

which part of pituitary hugs round the other on histology

A

anterior hugs round posterior

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5
Q

which part of pituitary stains darker

A

anterior

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6
Q

2 cells types of anterior pituitary

A

basophils and acidophils

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7
Q

what 2 hormones are made by acidophils

A

prolactin and GH

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8
Q

what pituitary cell types make somatotrophs and mammotrophs

A

acidophils

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9
Q

what pituitary cell types make corticotrophs, gonadotrophs and thyrotrophs

A

basophils

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10
Q

secretory cells of posterior pituitary

A

neuroendocrine neurones

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11
Q

blood supply of pituitary

A

superior and inferior hypophysial arteries that are branches off the ICA

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12
Q

connection of AP and hypothalamus

A

hypothalamic-hypophysial portal system

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13
Q

vertebral extent of the thyroid gland

A

C5-T1

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14
Q

isthmus of thyroid lies opposite which tracheal rings

A

2nd and 3rd tracheal rings

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15
Q

two nerves of vocal cords

A

recurrent laryngeal nerve and superior laryngeal nerve (only does the cricothyroid muscle)

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16
Q

location of the recurrent laryngeal nerve

A

between trachea and oesophagus

17
Q

superior thyroid artery comes from

A

ECA

18
Q

inferior thyroid artery comes from

A

subclavian

19
Q

superior thyroid vein drains into

A

IJV

20
Q

middle thyroid vein drains into

A

IJV

21
Q

inferior thyroid vein drains into

A

brachiocephalic

22
Q

cells lining thyroid follicles

A

follicular cells

23
Q

content of thyroid follicle

A

colloid

24
Q

hormones of thyroid

A

calcitonin and thyroid hormone (T3 and T4)

25
Q

what separates the parathyroids and thyroid

A

a thin fibrous capsule

26
Q

difference between drainage of left and right adrenals

A

left adrenal vein goes into left renal vein

right adrenal vein goes into the IVC

27
Q

superior adrenal artery is a branch off

A

inferior phrenic artery

28
Q

middle adrenal artery is a branch off

A

the aorta

29
Q

inferior adrenal artery is a branch off

A

the renal arteries

30
Q

layers of cortex from out to in and what they make

A

glomerulosa –> aldosterone (mineralocorticoids)
fasciculata –> cortisol (glucocorticoids)
reticularis –> testosterone (androgens)

31
Q

cells of adrenal medulla

A

chromaffin cells

32
Q

cells that secrete insulin

A

beta cells in islets of langerhans

Diabetes and Endocrine - Physiology (10 decks)

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