The Electron Transport Chain, ATP Synthesis, and Mitochondrial Shuttles Flashcards
What 3 complexes pump electrons ?
complex 1: NADH Q oxidoreductase
complex3: cytochrome c oxidoreductase
complex 4: cytochrome c oxidase
which complex does not pump any protons per eclectron?
complex 2 succinate Q reductase
number of protons pumped per electron for complex 1-4
- 4
- 0
- 4
- 2
the unlitmate electron acceptor in ETC ?
Oxygen
the respirasome complex involves which complex
1,2,3
hydrophobic molecule that diffuses rapidly in the membrane ?
ubinquinone
in complex 1,where is the one hydride ion coming from?
NADH
What is the one H+ used to form in complex 1 ?
QH2
What is the source of NADH in complex 1 ?
TCA Cylcle, fatty acid B oxidation, a.a. catabolism
iron cycles between +2(reduced) and +3(oxidized) in which complexes ?
complex 2 and 3
heme b in complex 2 receives electrons and doesn’t protect against ROS T/F
F: heme b doesn’t receive electrons and DOES protect against ROS
In complex 2 FADH2 forms __ ATP compared to __ ATP formed by NADH
- 5
2. 5
in complex 4 , __ protons are pumped per electron and _protons are pumped per catalytic cycle ?
2
4
what are the heme and copper groups of complex 4
2 heme A groups (a and a3)
(Cu A/Cu A) and Cu B
oxygen binding site in complex 4 of ETC species includes ?
Cu B and a3
__ of ATP synthease protrudes into matrix while __ is in the membrane
F1
Fnot
what powers the synthesis of ATP
Proton gradient b/w matrix and inner membrane space
Peter Mitchell ?
ATP synthesis is coupled to e- transport via a proton gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane
Glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle ?
in muscle
mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (uses FADH2)
Malate-aspartate shuttle
heart and liver)
Involves transport of malate/a-ketoglutarate and aspartate/glutamate across membrane
donates e-’s to complex I
How does charged ATP4- exit, and how do ADP3- and phosphate ions enter, the matrix?
Via the ATP-ADP Translocase and the Phosphate Translocase
Dicarboxylate shuttle ?
(phosphate/malate)
Tricarboxylate shuttle ?
(malate/citrate
pyruvate shuttle
pyruvate/OH-)
phosphate shuttle
phosphate and OH
Antimycin A: blocks flow through
COMPLEX 3
CN-, N3- (azide), CO: inhibit
cytochrome oxidase
Rotenone, amytal
block e- flow through complex I (but flow thru II possible)
Inhibition of ATP synthase is by ?
Oligomycin, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide
Chemical uncouplers, e.g., 2,4-dinitrophenol ?
e- transport can proceed, but ATP synthesis cannot
Inhibition of ATP-ADP translocase
Atractyloside, bongkrekic acid
in uncoupler UCP-1
oxygeen is consumed but ATP isn’t synthesized
