Glycolysis

Question 1

what is the glycolysis pathway: steps and intermediates

Answer 1

in notes

Question 2

what are the 3 irreversible intermediates in glycolysis

Answer 2

hexokinase, phosphofructosekinase, and pyruvate kinase

Question 3

what is the first commiited step

Answer 3

PFK

Question 4

PFK inhibitor

Answer 4

ATP : Liver (H+) Muscle (citrate)

Question 5

PFK activator

Answer 5

AMP in muscle and Fru 2, 6 bis in liver

Question 6

possible fates of glucose 6 phosphate

Answer 6

glycolysis; glycogenesis; ribose-5-phosphate & NADPH production via the pentose phosphate pathway

Question 7

TIM (Triose Phosphate Isomerase) is a type of isomerization of ketose into ___

Answer 7

Isomerization of ketose into aldose; intramolecular redox reaction

Question 8

TIM has Essential glutamate and histidine residues that act as general ____

Answer 8

acid-base catalysts during catalytic cycle

Question 9

what are 2 stages of GAP dehydrogenase

Answer 9

1. Oxidation of –CHO to –CO2- using NAD+

2. Joining of –CO2- and Pi to form an acyl-P product

Question 10

couple occurs in step 6 via

Answer 10

Coupling occurs via formation of high-energy thioester intermediate involving active site cysteine (Cys-149)

Question 11

how many NAD+ And NADH are produced in step 6

Answer 11

2 NADH are produced from 2 NAD

Question 12

Step 7 generates how many ATP

Answer 12

2

Question 13

Phosphoglycerate Mutase employs which active site

Answer 13

active site phospho-histidine residue

Question 14

what are the 2 substrate level phosphorylation steps in glycolysis

Answer 14

7. phosphoglycerate kinase and

10 pyruvate kinase

Question 15

what 2 steps produce ATP

Answer 15

7. phosphoglycerate kinase and

10 pyruvate kinase

Question 16

In what step is NAD+ made from NADH

Answer 16

11. lactate dehydrogenase

Question 17

pyruvate kinase in the muscle is inhibited by __ and activated by __

Answer 17

inhibited ATP

activated F 1,6 Bisphosphate

Question 18

pyruvate kinase in the liver is inhibited by __ and activated by __

Answer 18

stimulated by insulin

inhibited by glucagon

Question 19

in the muscle hexokinase (1 to 3) is inhibited by ___

Answer 19

glucose 6 phosphate

Question 20

in the liver hexokinase (HK4) is inhibited by _

Answer 20

Fructose 6 phosphate

Question 21

GLUT 1 and 3

Answer 21

In mammal tissue : glucose uptake

Question 22

GLUT 2

Answer 22

liver and panreatic B Cells : regulation of insulin ( in pan.)
remove glucose from blood (liver )

Question 23

GLUT 4

Answer 23

muscle and fat cells

Question 24

GLUT 5

Answer 24

small intestine : fructose transporter

Question 25

step where dehydration of a substrate markedly elevates P group transfer ?

Answer 25

step 9 enolase