Fatty Acid and TAG Catabolism

Question 1

what are the 2 lipases of F.A?

Answer 1

Hormone sensitive lipases and lipoprotein lipases

Question 2

hormone sensitive lipases ?

Answer 2

release fatty acid from adipose for energy

Question 3

lipoprotein lipases

Answer 3

release FA from lipoproteins for storage in adipose & usein other tissues

Question 4

LPL diffuse into ?

Answer 4

inside adipose tissue cells..TAGs are resynthesized and stored for energy

Question 5

HSL diffuse into ?

Answer 5

plasma and bind to abumin and are taken ti liver and degraded for energy

Question 6

Activation of HSL

Answer 6

Primary msg (Glucagon, epinephrine, ACTH) bind to membrance receptor
adenyl cyclase is activated 
cAMP increases 
Protein kinase activated 
Phosphorylates  "activates" HSL

Question 7

what inhibits HSL ?

Answer 7

Insulin by dephosphorylation

Question 8

activation of LPL

Answer 8

Apolipoprotein C2 is on surface of lipoprotein
LPL is on endothelial surface (in adipose, cardiac and skeletal m.)
when Lipoprotein gets close to surface Apo CII associates with LPL Causing it to become active

Question 9

chylomicrons

Answer 9

Transport dietary lipid from intestine to adipose

Question 10

Lipoproteins

Answer 10

Transport lipid between liver and other tissues.

Question 11

albumin

Answer 11

transport Fatty Acids from adipose to liver

Question 12

ketone bodies

Answer 12

Transported in solution in plasma. (i.e. from liver to skeletal + cardiac tissues)

Question 13

VLDL

Answer 13

Primarily transports—–TAG from liver to adipose and other tissues (also taken up by liver)

~95% lipid….apo C-II, C-III, B-100, E

Question 14

LDL and Composition

Answer 14

Primarily transports——- cholesterol to tissues (also taken up by liver)
~80% lipid….apo C-II, C-I, B-100, E

Question 15

HDL and composition

Answer 15

Primarily transports——- cholesterol from tissues to liver

Question 16

IDL and composition

Answer 16

Primarily transports——– cholesterol to tissues via conversion to LDL (also taken up by liver)

~80% lipid….apo C-II, C-III, B, E

Question 17

net energy yield from palmitate beta oxidation

Answer 17

7NADH –>10.5 ATP
7FADH2–>17.5 ATP
8 ACETYL CoA –>80 ATP
Subtotal 108 ATP

Question 18

CAT 1 are inhibited by

Answer 18

malonyl CoA which stops formation of acylcarnitine

Question 19

beta- hydroxy CoA DH inhibited by

Answer 19

NADH

Question 20

Thiolase inhibited by

Answer 20

acetyl coa

Question 21

lo energy charge creates ?

Answer 21

high isocitrate DH, low citrate … decrease fatty acid synthesis

Question 22

High energy creates

Answer 22

low isocitrate DH, high citrate …. increased FA Synthesis

Question 23

pathway by which cis containing double bonds enter b oxidation

Answer 23

Enoyl CoA Hydratase
Beta-hydroxy FA CoA racemase
Propionyl CoA CO2lase
Methylmalonyl CoA racemase
Methylmalonyl CoA mutase

Question 24

in cis double bonds in beta oxi. Each double bond yields

Answer 24

1.5 fewer ATPs than corresponding saturated FA

Question 25

peroxisomal beta oxidation is more __ than mito. beta oxidation and will not proceed beyond __?

Answer 25

specific and c8

Question 26

MCAD Deficiency

Answer 26

Medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase vomitting lethargy and coma cause : hypoketotoic hypoglycemia , and dicarboxylic aciduria

Question 27

hypoglycemia?

Answer 27

Fasting, decreased Gluconeogensis, increased glucose use

Question 28

dicarboxylic aciduria

Answer 28

alter. ox FA

Question 29

ketotoic ?

Answer 29

can't degrade FA

Question 30

MCAD is associated with

Answer 30

Reyes syndrome or infeant death syndrome

Question 31

diabetic ketoacidosis causes ?

Answer 31

1. incease glucagon/insulin ratio 2. increase deg of FA 3. increase acetyl coa 4. increase ketonee bodies 5. incerease ph

Question 32

Abeta-lipoproteinemia….

Answer 32

Defective synthesis of B apoproteins… Formation of chylomicrons & VLDLs are affected… Can’t transport dietary lipid for storage Chylomicrons, VLDLs, and LDLs are absent from plasma neuropathy and red cell formation

Question 33

during fasting/diabetes what happens to fat storage and LPL concentrations

Answer 33

they decrease

Question 34

in the well fed state what happens to fat storage and LPL concentrations

Answer 34

they increase

Question 35

in the well fed state insulin __ and fat storage __

Answer 35

inccrease , decrease

Question 36

in the diabetes/fasting state insulin __ and fat storage __

Answer 36

decrease and increase