The ear

Question 1

What is the outer ear called?

Whats it made of?

Answer 1

The pina or the aricle

Cartlilidge

Question 2

What do glands in the ear canal produce?

Answer 2

Ear wax creumen

Question 3

What is the purpose of the pina?

Answer 3

To collect sound into the ear cannal

Question 4

What seperates the ecternal ear from the middle ear?

Answer 4

The timpanic membrane

Question 5

What are the 3 bones?
Collective term?
What do they do?

Answer 5

Malleus, incus, stapes
Ossicles
convert sound waves into mechanical vibrations

Question 6

What is attatched to the surface of the timpanic membrane in the middle ear?

Answer 6

Handle of the malleus

Question 7

Where are the ossicles fits in to to the oval window?

Answer 7

The foot of the stapes

Question 8

Because the area of the tympanic membrane is _______than the area of the oval window the energy in the vibrations is ________
as it passes from middle to inner ear. .

Answer 8

Because the area of the tympanic membrane is larger than the
area of the oval window the energy in the vibrations is amplified
as it passes from middle to inner ear. .

Question 9

What are the 2 parts of the inner ear and what are they for?

Answer 9

Vestibular apparatus for balance

cochela for hearing

Question 10

What are 3 purposes of the muddle ear?

Answer 10

Transfer eneregy to the inner ear

protect the inner ear

equalisation of air pressure

Question 11

Where is the esutachian tube?

Answer 11

middle ear to nasopharynx

Question 12

What does the eustacian tube do and why does this help hearing?

Answer 12

Equalises pressure on both sides of the ear drum

Leads to maximum transfer of sound vibrations through middle ear

Question 13

Describe the structure of the cochella?

Answer 13

• Spiral shaped

- fluid filled

Question 14

Where is the temporal bone?

What are the tunnels and chambers inside the temporal bone called?

Answer 14

Bony labyrinth

Question 15

What inside the bony labyrinth?

Answer 15

Membraenous labyrinth

Question 16

What are the 3 reigons of the bony labyrinth?

Answer 16

The cochlea, vestiblue and semicircular canal

Question 17

What are the 3 canals in the membranous labyrinth?

What are they filled with?

Answer 17

Vestibular (upper) / perilymlph
scala media/ cochelar duct / endolymph
tympanic duct / perilymph

Question 18

Where does the scala vestibuli extend from?

Answer 18

The oval window to the helicotrema

Question 19

Where does the scala tympani extend from and too?

Answer 19

The round window to the helicotrema

Question 20

The cochlea is filled with a watery liquid, the ___________, which moves in response to the vibrations coming from the middle ear via the ________.

Answer 20

Perilymph

oval window

Question 21

As the fluid moves, the cochlear partition (_______membrane and organ of _____) moves; thousands of hair cells sense the motion via their ________, and convert that motion to ____________that are communicated via neurotransmitters to many thousands of nerve cells

Answer 21

basilar membrane and organ of Corti
stereocilia,
electrical signals

Question 22

What nerve do the hair cells excite?

Answer 22

The vestibulocochlear nerve

Question 23

What are the 3 main inputs to the brain that contribute to our sense of balance?

Answer 23

Vestibular
Visual
Somatosensory/proprioceptive

Question 24

Where in the brain is the balance system intergrated?

Answer 24

Brainstem and cerebellum

Question 25

What are the two structures in the vestibular system?

Answer 25

3 semicircular cannals

2 otolith organs (utricle and saccule)

Question 26

What part of the inner ear provides us with a sense of linear moovment?

Answer 26

The utricle and saccule

Question 27

What part of the inner ear provides us with a sense of angular moovment?

Answer 27

the semi-curcular cannals

Question 28

Where in the semi circular cannal is the sensory aparatus contained?
What is it called?

Answer 28

in a bulge (ampulla) at the end nearest the utricle

Cistra

Question 29

When head movement takes place the fluid in the canal moves, causing a deflection of the _____.

Answer 29

Cupula

Question 30

This in turn deflects the _____of the receptor cell and initiates the _________.

Answer 30

Cilla, nerve impulse

Question 31

Linear movement
2 fluid filled sacs adjacent to the semi-circular canals have within them areas of receptor cells that again have stereocilia at their surface (macula regions).

The stereocilia are embedded in a gel like material (_______________). On top of the _____membrane are tiny crystals called _________.

Answer 31

otolithic material

otolithic
otoconia