Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy and Phsiology > Organ systems 2) Digestive > Flashcards

Organ systems 2) Digestive Flashcards

1
Q

What do carbohydrates provide?

A

Energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are proteins used for?

A

Building cells and tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Fats and lipids

A
  • energy,
  • membrane formation,
  • hormone production.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Vitamins

A

molecules that the body cannot make so must be extracted from food.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Minerals and trace elements

A

used in the assembly of different structures e.g. bones, enzymes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

salts

A

fundamental to all cells, you are essentially a big bag of salt solution.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the 3 types of saliva glands?

A

parotid, sub-mandibular

and sub-lingual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Name 3 enxymes in saliva?

A

Amylase Lipaise Lyzozyme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is Lyzozyme

A

A bacteriocite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the buchal lining made of?

A

non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where does food go after leaving the mouth

A

Oropharynx then Laryngopharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is degulation?

A

Swallow reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the refex that propells food into the stomach when it is in the oesophegus?

A

peristalsis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What blocks the larynx during swallow?

A

Epiglotis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where does the oesophegus pass through the diafram?

A

The oesophegeal hiartus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where does the oesophegus join the stomach, and what sphincter if found here?

A

Cardiac orifice, GASTROESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER

17
Q

Why is the GASTROESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER kept closed?

A

To prevent stomach acid from rising up and irritating oesphoegus

18
Q

Describe the layors of the eousophagus from out to in

A

Serosa – connective tissue membrane surrounding the tube
Muscularis – skeletal muscles running in different orientations
Sub- mucosa - connective tissue layer
Mucosa - smooth muscle, connective tissue and lining epithelium.

19
Q

Parietal Cells: what do they do?

A
  • Secrete HCI and intrinsic factor

- Intrinsic factor is essential for B12 absorbsion

20
Q

What do chief cells produce in the stomach?

A

protein digesting enzyme PEPSINOGEN which is converted to active PEPSIN by HCl, and a lipase.

21
Q

Enteroendocrine Cells: what do they release?

A

Chemicals including histamine and seratonin

22
Q

What is the Duodenum?

A

first 20-25 cm of the small intestine

23
Q

Where do sectetions enter the duodenum from?

A

pancreas and gallbladder

24
Q

What is the sphincter at the excit of the stomach called

A

Pyloric sphincter

25
Q

What are the endocryne secretions of the pancreas?

A

Insulin and glucagon

26
Q

What does pancreatic juice contain? (5)

A

a) HCO3- to neutralise HCl
b) Pancreatic amylase to digest carbohydrate (-CHO)
c) Lipase (fat) to digest lipids
d) Ribonuclease (RNA) and deoxyribonuclease (DNA) to digest DNA and RNA.
e) A number of protease enzymes to continue the breakdown of proteins.

27
Q

What does the Gallbladder do?

A

Stores and concentrates bile produced by the liver

28
Q

What is the role of bile?

A
  • emulsify fats so they can be absorbed.

- enables absorption of fat soluble vitamins and iron in the small intestine.

29
Q

What is billirubin?

A

Bile pigment formed from the breakdown of red blood cells

30
Q

What are the 2 remaining parts of the small intestine?

After the duodenum

A

JEJUNUM (2m) and ILEUM (4M)

31
Q

What covers the inner layer of the mucosa in the small intestine and why?

A

Villi, to increase surface area

32
Q

Where in the liver does the processing of nutrients take place?

A

Hepatic vein

33
Q

What is the role of the large intestine?

A

Remoove water and electrolytes

34
Q

Where is the caecum?

A

One end of the apendix leading from the

35
Q

What is the role of the liver?

A 
Its role is to process food
arriving from the small
intestine and to filter blood,
extracting toxins and adding 
important proteins.
36
Q

What shape is a liver lobule?

What is at each corner?

A

Hexagonal

- a portal triad

37
Q

What are the 3 structures of the portal triad?

A
  • A branch of the hepactic artery (supplying oxygen)
  • A branch of the hepatic portal vein (carrying nutreous blood)
  • A bile duct
38
Q

What is a liver cell called?

A

hepatocytes

Anatomy and Phsiology (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions