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Anatomy and Phsiology > Muscle > Flashcards

Muscle Flashcards

1
Q

Where is skeletal muscle?
What microstructure?
Voluntary or involuntary?

A

On bones by tendons
striated/striped
Both

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2
Q

Where Cardiac Muscle?
What microstructure?
Voluntary or involuntary?

A

In the heart
stirated
involuntary

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3
Q

Where is smooth muscle?
What microstructure?
Voluntary or involuntary?

A

Walls of hollow organs
Non-sirated
Involuntary

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4
Q

What are the points of attatchment of skeletal muscles called?
Wich mooves the least?

A

Origin and insterion

Origin mooves the least

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5
Q

What is a group of sk muscles that work together called?

A

synergists

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6
Q

What is a prime moover and fixator?

A
  • Prime moover is the muscle that makes the main moovment

- A fixator stabalizes the main moover

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7
Q

What are pairs of muscles that oppose to eachother called?

A

antagonists

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8
Q

What needs to happen for a muscle to uncontract?

A
  • A muscle or gravity pulling it back to it’s original position
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9
Q

What type of skeletal muscle is powerfull with a small range of moovment?

A

Parallel muscle

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10
Q

What type of skeletal muscle is less powerful but has a broader range of moovment?

A

Unipennate

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11
Q

Name 2 special properties of muscle cells

A

The are multinuclate

they ar rich in mitocondria and glycogen

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12
Q

What gives muscles their stratified structure?

A

the arrangement of MYOFIBRILS (the contractile proteins) within the cell

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13
Q

What is the outermost layer of dense fibrous

connective tissue that encloses the whole muscle called?

A

Fascia or Epimysium

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14
Q

What is the connective tissue that encloses a bundle of muscle cells called?
What is each bundle called?

A

Perymisium

FASCICLE

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15
Q

What is the loose connective tissue within the perrymisium called?

A

Endomysium

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16
Q

MUSCLE CELLS – each muscle cell is packed with myofibrils,
mainly ______and _______. The myofibrils are arranged in a
repeating structure called a _________.

A

Actin and myosin

Sarcomere

17
Q

Where does a motor nerve and muscle cell meet?

A

Neuromuscular junction

18
Q

What chemical is released when a signal is recieved at the neuromuscular junciton?

A

neurotransmitter (acetylcholine)

19
Q

What does Acetylcholene do?

What does this cause?

A

It binds to a receptor on the muscle cell

Change in ion pemeability wich changes the voltage acorss the cell membrane

20
Q

What is initiated when the voltage reaches threshold

A

Action Potential

21
Q

Via what does the action potenital propogate in to the muscle cell?

A

T-tubles

22
Q

The action potential causes _______ to release its ___stores.

A

sarcoplasmic reticulum

Ca++

23
Q

What do the released Ca++ bind to?
What does this then bind to?
What does this cause?

A
  • Troponin
  • TROPOMYOSIN
  • Causes the tropomyosin to moove aside and expose the myosin binding sites on the actin
24
Q

What happens when the myosin actin sites on the actin are exposed?
What provides the energy?

A

Myosin binds to acting and myosin mooves relative to actin. The myosin heas then unbinds and straightens
ATP

25
Q

What happens when the nerve signal stops?

A
  • the Ach signals stop
  • Troponin gives up Ca++
  • Myosin binding sites are covered up again
  • Muscle relaxes, but stays the same length
26
Q

What is the force of the contraction of a muscle dependent on? (2)

A

a) The amount of overlap between the actin and myosin (more overlap more strength)
b) the frequency of stimulation (affecting the amount of Ca++ released

27
Q

What happens when a muscle in in the Tetanus state?

A

Relaxation phase is eliminated

In TETANUS the sarcoplasmic reticulum has no time to remove Ca++ and the high Ca++ makes the contraction continuous

28
Q

Where can a muscle get ATP from if ATP runs out?

A

From ceratine phosphate

29
Q

What is the process of producing ATP in the mitochondria called?
What does this require?
What happens if there is not enough of this?

A

Glycolysis and the TCA cycle
Oxygen
Lactic acid

Anatomy and Phsiology (15 decks)

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