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Anatomy and Phsiology > Thde respiratory system > Flashcards

Thde respiratory system Flashcards

1
Q

What is the process called when O2 is used by cell mitocondria?

A

Cellular respiration

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2
Q

Cellular respiration is a complex process that sees glucose broken down into ___and ____with a release of energy

A

Co2 and H20

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3
Q

What is the 4 componets of respiration?

A

a) Ventilation
b) gas exchange
c) the transport of oxygen and Co2 in the blood
d) gas exchange between blood and tissues

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4
Q

What are the auxillary roles of respiration? (5)

A 
Regulation of PH 
Production if chemical mediators
voice
olfaction - smelling
protection by traping microorganisms
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5
Q

Describe ventilation

A

the process of mooving air containing O2 into the lungs and remooving Co2 from the lungs

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6
Q

Where does gas exchange occur?

A

in the lungs between air and blood

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7
Q

What makes up the thoracic cavity?

A
  • Thoraric vertebrae
  • ribs
  • costal cartilages
  • Sternum
  • musccles
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8
Q

To get air to move into the lungs the pressure inside the thorax must be ______________.

A

Less than atmospheric pressure

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9
Q

What and where are the 6 parts of the conducting zone?

What takes place here?

A 
External nose
Nasal cavity
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Lungs

The moovment, cleaning, warming and humidificaation

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10
Q

What is the respiratory zone refering to?

A

lungs

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11
Q

What is the external noze made of?

A

Hyaline cartilage
Nasal bones
Frontal and maxillary bones

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12
Q

What seperates the nose into left and right?

A

nasal septum

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13
Q

NASAL CAVITY
Extends from the _____(nostrils) to the ______where the pharynx begins.

The anterior part of the cavity just inside the Nares is the _________

A

NARES (nostrils) to the CHOANAE

VESTIBULE

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14
Q

What are the ttwo bones in the posterier part of the nasal septum?

A

Vomer bone inferiorly

Ethmoid bone superiorly

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15
Q

3 bony ridges, the _________modify the shape of the lateral nasal cavity wall.

A

Conchae

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16
Q

The superior meatus and middle meatus have openings from where?

A

Paranasal sinuses

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17
Q

The inferior meatus has an opening into where?

A

The nasolacrimal duct

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18
Q

What does the naso lacrimal duct do?

A

drains tears

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19
Q

What are the 5 roles of the nasal cavity?

A
  • air passage way
  • cleans the air
  • humidifies and warms air
  • contains aofactory epithelium
  • voice sound
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20
Q

Where is the nasopharynx located?

Is located posterior to the ____and superior to ________

A

choanae and superior to the SOFT PALATE

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21
Q

What prevents food from entering the nasal cavity?

A

the soft palate

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22
Q

The___________ from the middle ear cavities open into the nasopharynx.

A

EUSTACHIAN TUBES

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23
Q

What is the name of where the oral cavity oppwns into the oropharynx?

A

Fauces

24
Q

LARYNGOPHARYNX
Extends from the tip of the ________to the ________and passes ________to the LARYNX. Food and drink pass through the laryngopharynx into the oesophagus

A

epiglotis
oesophagus
posteriorly

25
Q

The Larynx extends from the ________to the _______.

A

Base of the tounge to the trachea

26
Q

What are the 3 unpaired cartilidges in the Larynx?

A

Thyroid
Cricoid
Epiglotis

27
Q

Wich unpaired cartilidge is at the base of the larynx?

A

cricoid

28
Q

What are the 3 paired cartilidges innthe larynx?

A

Arytenoid
Corniculate
Cuneiform

29
Q

What are the vocal folds made of and what are they attatched to?

A

the vocal folds are a mucus membrane covering the inferior ligament attatched to the arytenoid cartiladge

30
Q

What is the mucus membrane of the superior ligament attatched to the arytenoid called?

A

The vestibular fold

31
Q

What is the term for the vocal folds and the opening between them?

A

The glottis

32
Q

The vestibular and vocal cords are covered with _________ _______ epithelium.

A

stratified squamous epithelium.

33
Q

The remainder of the larynx is covered with ________ ____ ______ epithelium.

A

pseudostratified ciliated columnar

34
Q

What is the trachea made up of?

A

Dense regular connective tissue, smooth muscle

35
Q

What re-inforces the traches

A

15-20 C shaped cartilidges

36
Q

What kind of cells secrete mucus in the trachea?

A

Goblet cells

37
Q

What kind of epithilium lines the trachea

A

Pseudostratified ciliated epitelium

38
Q

What happens at the 5th thoracic vertebra?

A

trachea divides into 2 bronchi

39
Q

Where the trachea branches, what is the inferior cartilidge called?

A

Carina

40
Q

The main bronchi divide into _________I, __in the left lung and ___ in the right.

A

Lobar bronchi, 2, 3

41
Q

The lobar bronchi continue to divide into the _________BRONCHI finally giving rise to ________that have a diameter of approximately 1mm.

The bronchioles subdivide further to form _________BRONCHIOLES.

A

Segmental
Bronchioles
Terminal

42
Q

Terminal bronchioles divide further to become ________BRONCHIOLES.

A

Respiritaory

43
Q

Respiratory Bronchioles branch again to become _____________ that have many more alveoli associated with them.

A

Aveolar ducts

44
Q

What 2 kinds of cells make alveolus?

A

Type 1 pneumocyte

Type 2 pneumocyte

45
Q

Which type of pneumocyte does the most gas exchange?

A

Type 1

46
Q

What type of cells are Tpe 1 pneumocytes?

A

Simple squamus epithelial

47
Q

What type of cells are type 2 pneumocytes and what do they secrete?

A

Cuboidal

surfactant

48
Q

What does surfactant do?

A

Make it easier for the alveoli to expand

49
Q

What seperates the left and right lung?

A

the mediastinum

50
Q

What muscle is used in normal quiet breathing>

A

The diafragm

51
Q

What muscles are brought into play if the diafragm is not enough

A

accessory musscles

52
Q

What do the accesory muscles change the position of?

A

Ribs and sternum

53
Q

At rest (end of expiration) the ribs are directed slightly ______-.

On inspiration muscles attached to the ribs cause them to move _____and _______.

A

Downwards

UPAWRDS AND FORWARD

54
Q

what gropu of muscles cause the rib cage to moove up and the sternum forward?

A

External intercostals

55
Q

What 4 other muscles have the capacity to change lung capacity?

A

Pectoralis Major
Levatores costarum
Serratus posterior superior
Scalenes

Anatomy and Phsiology (15 decks)

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