Cell structure and function Flashcards
What unit are cells measured in?
Microns (10^-6 m or written as µm)
What are the common componenets of all cells?
Cell/plasma membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
What are the small structures in the cytoplasm called
organelles
Name the 9 organelles
Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, ribosomes,
cytoskeleton, centrosomes, mitochondria, lysosomes,
peroxisomes and inclusions.
What is the inside / outside of the cell called
extracelluar and intracelluar
What is the role of the plasma membrane and what is its structure?
Lipid bilayer seperating the inreacellu;ar and extracellular
what is the cytoplasm made up of?
Cytosol a viscous fluid portion, in wich ions and molecures are disolved and proteins are suspended
Intracellular organells
The genetic material DNA is located in the nucleus where it is associated with proteins called ______to form CHROMOSOMES.
Histones
What are ribosomed made up of?
2 globular proteins and ribosomal RNA
What do ribosomes do do?
What other thing does it need to do this?
When occupied by a mRNA it synthesises new proteins
What are the two types of ribosomes?
Ones that float free and ones that are attatched to endoplasmic rectillium
What kind of proteins does a free ribosome make?
soluble proteins that function within the cytosol
What sort of proteins do rybosomes attatched to the endoplasmic rectillium synthesise?
proteins for incorporation in to the cell membrane or for export from the cell
What is smooth endoplasmic retculum responsible for?
the production of lipids eg phospholipids, steroid hormones
What does the golgi aparatus do?
When proteins leave the endoplasmic rectillium they goto the golgi body to be processed, eg carbs may be added
What organelle creates energy for the cell?
Mitocondria
What happens to glucose in the mitocondria?
It’s broken down in ton co2 and h2o, wich releases energy to manufacture high energy molecule of the cell - ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE (ATP).
What is ATP
cellular fuel
What do lysosomes contain
hydrolytic enzymes that break down proteins, nucleic acids, sugars and lipids.
What are proteosomes?
break down and recycle proteins for the cell
What are peroxisomes?
enzymes that break down fatty acids and amino acids
What are the 3 proteins of the cytoskeleton and what is the purpose?
Microtubules
Actin filaments
Intermediate filaments
Hold organells in position
Which part of the cell do actin filaments give structure to?
the cytoplasm and plasma membrane
