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Anatomy and Phsiology > Cell structure and function > Flashcards

Cell structure and function Flashcards

1
Q

What unit are cells measured in?

A

Microns (10^-6 m or written as µm)

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2
Q

What are the common componenets of all cells?

A

Cell/plasma membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus

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3
Q

What are the small structures in the cytoplasm called

A

organelles

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4
Q

Name the 9 organelles

A

Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, ribosomes,
cytoskeleton, centrosomes, mitochondria, lysosomes,
peroxisomes and inclusions.

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5
Q

What is the inside / outside of the cell called

A

extracelluar and intracelluar

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6
Q

What is the role of the plasma membrane and what is its structure?

A

Lipid bilayer seperating the inreacellu;ar and extracellular

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7
Q

what is the cytoplasm made up of?

A

Cytosol a viscous fluid portion, in wich ions and molecures are disolved and proteins are suspended

Intracellular organells

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8
Q

The genetic material DNA is located in the nucleus where it is associated with proteins called ______to form CHROMOSOMES.

A

Histones

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9
Q

What are ribosomed made up of?

A

2 globular proteins and ribosomal RNA

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10
Q

What do ribosomes do do?

What other thing does it need to do this?

A

When occupied by a mRNA it synthesises new proteins

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11
Q

What are the two types of ribosomes?

A

Ones that float free and ones that are attatched to endoplasmic rectillium

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12
Q

What kind of proteins does a free ribosome make?

A

soluble proteins that function within the cytosol

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13
Q

What sort of proteins do rybosomes attatched to the endoplasmic rectillium synthesise?

A

proteins for incorporation in to the cell membrane or for export from the cell

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14
Q

What is smooth endoplasmic retculum responsible for?

A

the production of lipids eg phospholipids, steroid hormones

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15
Q

What does the golgi aparatus do?

A

When proteins leave the endoplasmic rectillium they goto the golgi body to be processed, eg carbs may be added

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16
Q

What organelle creates energy for the cell?

A

Mitocondria

17
Q

What happens to glucose in the mitocondria?

A

It’s broken down in ton co2 and h2o, wich releases energy to manufacture high energy molecule of the cell - ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE (ATP).

18
Q

What is ATP

A

cellular fuel

19
Q

What do lysosomes contain

A

hydrolytic enzymes that break down proteins, nucleic acids, sugars and lipids.

20
Q

What are proteosomes?

A

break down and recycle proteins for the cell

21
Q

What are peroxisomes?

A

enzymes that break down fatty acids and amino acids

22
Q

What are the 3 proteins of the cytoskeleton and what is the purpose?

A

Microtubules
Actin filaments
Intermediate filaments

Hold organells in position

23
Q

Which part of the cell do actin filaments give structure to?

A

the cytoplasm and plasma membrane

Anatomy and Phsiology (15 decks)

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