The Diversity of Life + Building Blocks of Life (L2/3)

Question 1

Earth formed about how many years ago? How was this identified?

Answer 1

4.5 billion years ago - microfossils were the first evidence of life

Question 2

How big are organelles?

Answer 2

depends on the specific structure; but ranges around 1-10 microns

Question 3

Most cells and organelles are measured using what?

Answer 3

Micrometres/microns

Question 4

Internal cell structures and organelles are measured using what?

Answer 4

Nanometres

Question 5

When organisms that vary pass on their characteristics and survive differentially

Answer 5

Evolution

Question 6

It is a mechanism to explain evolution that suggests how organisms change over time due to varying selective pressures

Answer 6

Natural Selection

Question 7

What are the requirements for natural selection?

Answer 7

Variation. Inheritance. Selection. Time.

Question 8

T/F: DNA shows evidence for evolution and natural selection.

Answer 8

True. Because natural selection/evolution acts on biological molecules, which means that the molecules that make up species undergo these processes as well.

Question 9

This describes a visual representation of similar characteristics between species over time.

Answer 9

Phylogenetic tree

Question 10

What are the 3 domains of life?

Answer 10

Eukarya, Archaea, Bacteria

Question 11

What is the Endosymbiosis theory?

Answer 11

Two key organelles in eukaryotes are derived from bacteria. Like how mitochondria comes from proteobacteria, and chloroplasts come from cyanobacteria.

Question 12

What is the difference between a prokaryote and a eukaryote?

Answer 12

Membrane enclosed organelles present

Question 13

What are macromolecules?

Answer 13

Organic biological molecules that are necessary for life. Usually comprised of Proteins, DNA, RNA, complex carbohydrates (polysaccharides), lipids

• macromolecules are made of building blocks

Question 14

What are biological molecules made of?

Answer 14

Building blocks, macromolecules, supramolecular assemblies, organelles

Question 15

What are the four levels of carbohydrates? Explain.

Answer 15

Monosaccharides and disaccharides (simple sugars/carbs)
Oligosaccharides and polysaccharides (complex carbohydrates)

Question 16

What are the functions of carbohydrates?

Answer 16

Recognition. Energy (storing energy). Provide structure (mainly complex carbs).

Question 17

What are nucleic acids?

Answer 17

DNA and RNA. These are informational molecules. DNA contains genetic information, RNA works to use information to produce proteins (translation)

Question 18

What are proteins?

Answer 18

Molecules by which cells perform their functions in the whole organism. Basically molecules that allow cells to function properly or carryout specific functions

Question 19

What are the functions of lipids?

Answer 19

Lipids are non-polymeric. They provide structure to structures like cell membranes. Regulatory functions: testosterone/estradiol. And store energy.

Question 20

In what form is carbohydrate stored in plants and animals?

Answer 20

Starch = plants, glycogen = animals