DNA Translation Flashcards
How many codons does the genetic code have?
approx. 64 codons (due to Triplet Codon Hypothesis)
What are the 3 stop codons?
UAA, UAG, UGA
What is the start codon?
AUG
What does the AUG codon specify?
methionine
This is the adaptor molecule that can bind an amino acid and mRNA. It is a single strand of RNA
- there is at least one tRNA for each amino acid
tRNA
What does a charged tRNA molecule mean?
That RNA is attached to an amino acid
What is the enzyme responsible for charging a tRNA molecule?
aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
This is the synthesis of proteins by ribosomes using mRNA as a set of instructions.
Translation
Ribosomes contain both: _________ and _________
ribosomal RNA and proteins
These ribosomes synthesise proteins that are used within the plasma membrane or exocytosed from the cell.
Bound ribosomes (rough ER)
These ribosomes synthesise proteins that are released to the cytosol and used WITHIN the cell.
Free ribosomes
What are the 3 stages of Translation?
Initiation, Elongation, Termination (exactly the same as transcription)
What are the 3 substages of elongation?
1) codon recognition
2) peptide bond formation
3) translocation
This is the protein responsible for breaking the bond between P site tRNA (uses water) and the FINAL amino acid/polypeptide chain.
- where does it enter through?
Release factor
- enters through A site
This is a set of genes and/or DNA combinations responsible for a particular trait (determined at a DNA level)
Genotype
