Microbial Growth

Question 1

Why are prokaryotes so dominant?

Answer 1

Because they have a fast growth rate.

Question 2

How do prokaryotes reproduce?

Answer 2

Asexually through binary fission

Question 3

Binary fission results in what kind of daughter cells?

Answer 3

Two genetically identical daughter cells

Question 4

This refers to a form of cell culturing.

It grows bacteria by having a defined amount of nutrients and once used up, cells cannot proliferate.

IS STANDARD METHOD OF STUDYING MICROORGANISMS

Answer 4

Closed batch culture system

Question 5

What is closed batch culture system biased towards?

Answer 5

Fast growing organisms like pathogens

Question 6

What are the 4 phases of microbial growth?

Answer 6

Lag phase, Exponential Phase, Stationary Phase (cryptic growth), Death Phase

Question 7

What does no growth mean?

Answer 7

The death rate and growth rate are in balance.

Question 8

What are the 3 things prokaryotes need to multiply?

Answer 8

Carbon source, light source, and reducing power (to perform REDOX reactions)

Question 9

How is energy stored?

Answer 9

through ATP bonds

Question 10

How can energy be released from ATP bonds?

Answer 10

By breaking ATP bonds

Question 11

This is energy generation/building block harvesting.

Answer 11

Catabolism (deals with substrates to products)

Question 12

This is energy /building block use. aka ENERGY consumption

Answer 12

Anabolism (deals with monomers into macromolecules and cellular constituents)

Question 13

These are organisms that are unable to synthesize one or more essential growth factors. It cannot grow unless missing factor is supplied.

Answer 13

Auxototrophs

Question 14

These are organisms that have all essential genes. They can grow by themselves and can be isolated into pure culture.

Answer 14

Wild type strain

Question 15

How do auxotrophs survive?

Answer 15

By cross feeding/syntrophy

Question 16

This is the process by which one species gains metabolic products of another species.

Answer 16

Cross-feeding/syntrophy

Question 17

Syntrophic interactions can benefit:

Answer 17

one or both of the partners

Question 18

This is the complete collection of microorganisms and their genes within a particular environment.

Answer 18

Microbiome

Question 19

This is the individual microbial specieis in a biome (bacteria, fungi, archaea and viruses)

Answer 19

Microbiota

Question 20

These are methods that rely on the culturing of microbes in the lab. Uses pure cultures or simple enrichments

Answer 20

Culture dependent methods

Question 21

These methods rely predominantly on nucleic acid based methods. Requires no culturing. Uses sequencing or metabolic profiling to study all microbes in a simple.

Answer 21

Culture independent methods

Question 22

List 2 pros and cons of culture dependent methods

Answer 22

Pros
- allows access to phenotype
- can study one organism at a time

Cons
- not all organisms CAN be cultured
- too many species
- does NOT match real world conditions

Question 23

List 2 pros and cons of culture independent methods

Answer 23

Pros
- allows access to genotype because of sequencing/metabolic profiling
- can study many organisms at a time
- provides access to unknown species

Cons
- no pure culture, so cannot be manipulated
- expensive and complex methods

Question 24

These are used as storage systems.

Answer 24

Molecules