Microbial Growth Flashcards
Why are prokaryotes so dominant?
Because they have a fast growth rate.
How do prokaryotes reproduce?
Asexually through binary fission
Binary fission results in what kind of daughter cells?
Two genetically identical daughter cells
This refers to a form of cell culturing.
It grows bacteria by having a defined amount of nutrients and once used up, cells cannot proliferate.
IS STANDARD METHOD OF STUDYING MICROORGANISMS
Closed batch culture system
What is closed batch culture system biased towards?
Fast growing organisms like pathogens
What are the 4 phases of microbial growth?
Lag phase, Exponential Phase, Stationary Phase (cryptic growth), Death Phase
What does no growth mean?
The death rate and growth rate are in balance.
What are the 3 things prokaryotes need to multiply?
Carbon source, light source, and reducing power (to perform REDOX reactions)
How is energy stored?
through ATP bonds
How can energy be released from ATP bonds?
By breaking ATP bonds
This is energy generation/building block harvesting.
Catabolism (deals with substrates to products)
This is energy /building block use. aka ENERGY consumption
Anabolism (deals with monomers into macromolecules and cellular constituents)
These are organisms that are unable to synthesize one or more essential growth factors. It cannot grow unless missing factor is supplied.
Auxototrophs
These are organisms that have all essential genes. They can grow by themselves and can be isolated into pure culture.
Wild type strain
How do auxotrophs survive?
By cross feeding/syntrophy
This is the process by which one species gains metabolic products of another species.
Cross-feeding/syntrophy
Syntrophic interactions can benefit:
one or both of the partners
This is the complete collection of microorganisms and their genes within a particular environment.
Microbiome
This is the individual microbial specieis in a biome (bacteria, fungi, archaea and viruses)
Microbiota
These are methods that rely on the culturing of microbes in the lab. Uses pure cultures or simple enrichments
Culture dependent methods
These methods rely predominantly on nucleic acid based methods. Requires no culturing. Uses sequencing or metabolic profiling to study all microbes in a simple.
Culture independent methods
List 2 pros and cons of culture dependent methods
Pros
- allows access to phenotype
- can study one organism at a time
Cons
- not all organisms CAN be cultured
- too many species
- does NOT match real world conditions
List 2 pros and cons of culture independent methods
Pros
- allows access to genotype because of sequencing/metabolic profiling
- can study many organisms at a time
- provides access to unknown species
Cons
- no pure culture, so cannot be manipulated
- expensive and complex methods
These are used as storage systems.
Molecules
