Cellular Respiration (L8) Flashcards
What is the main energy carrier?
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
What do the cells need energy for?
Mechanical work (like movement from one place to another
Manufacturing work (making new materials)
Transport (transporting molecules across membranes)
Maintaining order
What is the site of cellular respiration?
Mitochondria
T/F: The mitochondria contains mitochondrial DNA & ribosomes
True. Though it only produces some but not all mitochondrial proteins.
What are the structures of mitochondria?
- two membranes
- mitochondrial matrix
- inner membrane (cristae)
- intermembrane space
What are the stages of cellular respiration?
Glycolysis, Citric Acid Cycle, Oxidative Phosphorylation
What happens in Stage 1: Glycolysis?
Glucose = pyruvate
Electrons are transferred to high energy electron carrier NAD+ = NADH
- makes ATP
What happens in Stage 2: Pyruvate Oxidation/Citric Acid Cycle?
Pyruvate = Acetyl CoA = enters CAC = produces ATP and NADH + FADH2
What happens during Stage 3: Oxidative Phosphorylation?
It has 2 phases.
1) Electron Transport Chain (to produce proton gradient)
2) Chemiosmosis
What happens during the Electron Transport Chain?
Electron carriers (NADH + FADH2) shuttle high energy electrons through the inner mitochondrial membrane. As it goes through the membrane, protons (H+) are pumped across the membrane.
- this creates a difference on the proton concentration on each side = proton gradient
Process where ATP synthase converts ADP + Pi into ATP using the proton gradient to power ATP synthesis.
Chemiosmosis (phase 2 of Oxidative Phosphorylation)
How is the structure of the mitochondria significant to the process of cellular respiration?
Its membranes allow for a proton gradient to be established, which helps generate ATP. (Electrons pumped across inner membrane pumps H+ protons in the intermembrane space)
