Antibiotics + Infectious Diseases

Question 1

This is the “chemical bullet” that is meant to kill microbial cells but not the host’s cells.

Answer 1

Selective Toxicity

Question 2

How does penicillin work?

Answer 2

By inihibiting the cross-linking of peptidoglycan in cell wall. Interferes with the normal formation of cell wall

Question 3

What is the most important cause of geentic diversity in microbial populations?

Answer 3

Mutations

Question 4

This is the enzyme used by bacteria to destroy penicillin

Answer 4

Beta lactamase

Question 5

What are the 3 steps of Horizontal Gene Transfer?

Answer 5

Transformation, Transduction, Conjugation

Question 6

What are ways to reduce antibiotic resistance?

Answer 6

1) decrease antibiotic utilization
2) improve diagnostics
3) identify new targets
4) combination therapy

Question 7

What are the 5 stages of an infectious disease?

Answer 7

1) Incubation
2) Prodromal Period
3) Illness
4) Decline
5) Convalescence

Question 8

What stage of an infectious disease is the most infectious stage?

Answer 8

Illness Stage

Question 9

This stage is when there are vague, and general symptoms of the disease

Answer 9

Prodromal Stage

Question 10

This stage is when the signs and symptoms are declining.

Answer 10

Decline Stage

Question 11

This is the stage where there are no longer any signs or symptoms.

Answer 11

Convalescence Stage

Question 12

How long could Incubation Stage last?

Answer 12

16-20 hours

Question 13

This is the study of disease transmission

Answer 13

Epidemiology

Question 14

What are the 6 components of the chain of infection?

Answer 14

1) Causative Agent
2) Source of causative agent
3) How causative agent leave the body (like secretions, excretions, droplets)
4) Mode of transmission of pathogen (is it airborne or vector or contact)
5) How does it enter the body?
6) Who are at most risk of the infection?

Question 15

What are 6 ways to break the chain of infection?

Answer 15

1) Rapid detection
2) Sterilisation, disinfection, good hygience
3) Disinfection, water removal
4) Airflow control, bedspacing
5) Aseptic Techniques Catheter, Wound Care
6) Identifying who’s at risk, and targetting them for special care, vaccinations and education

Question 16

This is the incidence of death in a population.

Answer 16

Mortality

Question 17

This is the incidence of disease, including fatal and nonfatal.

Number of new cases of the disease.

Answer 17

Morbidity

Question 18

The ______ of a disease is the total number of new and exisiting cases in a population in a given time.

Answer 18

Prevalence

Question 19

What are the 4 classifications of infectious disease?

Answer 19

Endemic, pandemic, sporadic, epidemic

Question 20

This is the amount of disease usually present in a community/of a particular geographical area.

Answer 20

Endemic

Question 21

A disease that occurs infrequently and irregularly

Answer 21

Sporadic

Question 22

An increase, often sudden, in the number of cases of a disease above what is normally expected in that population, in that area.

Answer 22

Epidemic.

Question 23

An epidemic that has spread over several countries or continents usually affecting a large number of people.

Answer 23

Pandemic