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ANTH 205 > The Discipline of Anthropology > Flashcards

The Discipline of Anthropology Flashcards

1
Q

Anthropology

A

the comparative and holistic study of human biology and culture

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2
Q

The subdisciplines of anthropology

A

Archaeology, linguistics, Biological/Physical Anthropology, Cultural Anthropology

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3
Q

Archaeology Examples

A
  • Divided by region and time period
  • Boats and navigation and getting to the americas
  • Zoology (?)- humans and animals relations
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4
Q

Linguistics

A
  • Studying different languages
  • Structural linguists
  • Dead languages
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5
Q

Biological/Physical Anthropology

A
  • Medical are included
  • Forensics
  • Anthropometry
  • Population Genetics
  • Osteology
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6
Q

Cultural Anthropology Subsets

A
  • Ethnohistory
  • Comparative Religions
  • Nutritional Anthropology
  • Economic Anthropology
  • Anth. of Development
  • Applied Anthropology
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7
Q

Paleontology & human evolution

A

study of the human and primate fossil record.

Australopithecines> Modern Humans
Hominids - walking humans (lucy)
Slowly became more technologically advanced (handymans & stone tools)
Homorectus - first to leave Africa to the east. Fire & clothes
Neanderthals - first to bury dead

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8
Q

Osteology

A

study of the human skeleton

Much information about past societies can be learned through Osteology

  • Age and sex, diseases, malnutrition, warfare/catastrophic death
  • Look at bones to see common patterns to see why a civilization might’ve disappeared
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9
Q

Porotic Hyperostosis

A

caused by iron deficiency (meats) and anemia → malnutrition
* Cranial bones & orbitals become hollow & brittle & rough

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10
Q

Harris Lines

A

striations found on long bones (arms & legs) that indicate growth stunting during developmental ages (0-7) due to malnutrition. The body shuts down growth temporarily.

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11
Q

Human Variation

A

works with living groups

Population Genetics (blood samples, dna & genetics) and Anthropometry

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12
Q

Anthropometry

A

studies of human weights & physical measurements/features.
Mostly on live humans
Put into computers to compare patterns of different groups to see similarities

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13
Q

Spanish conquest of Peru and ‘evil spirits.’

A

Spanish couldn’t have kids because of altitude(hypoxia)

Ecological & genetic patterns (ex: incas becoming adjusted for high altitudes)

Went down to lima to have kids because they didn’t have enough oxygen

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14
Q

Archaeology

A

the study of human cultural remains. Seeks to reconstruct the past structural remains.

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15
Q

artifacts found with human burials

A

great differences can indicate differing levels of stratification (everyone different or the same - shows classism) or cultural complexity.

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16
Q

Neandertal burials.

A
  • Put simple artifacts with the dead. All of the artifacts were the same so they likely didn’t have higher rankings
  • Egalitarian
17
Q

Lascaux Cave

A
  • Mural with horses above a 15 year girl’s grave. She was buried in a robe made of seashells (300 miles away shows extensive trading) VS other graves that were all the same
  • This shows that she was very special. a sacrifice, died, a symbol
18
Q

Etowah Indian Mounds.

A
  • Commoner graves were all the same
  • Rulers, royalty, chiefs, and families get nice rich mounds
  • Priests get buried with religious icons
  • Warriors get buried with weapons
  • Chiefdoms
19
Q

Aztec burials.

A
  • Professions determined burials
  • Commoners get boring graves
  • Sacrifice servants for rulers to join in afterlife
20
Q

Linguistic Anthropology

A

the study of human language, uses comparative and historical methods

21
Q

Core Words

A

words that change really slowly so they seem similar
* kinship
* House
* Verbs changing slower than adjectives and nouns

22
Q

Glottochronology

A

looking at when languages diverged from a common ancestral languages
* Comparing similarities (romance languages originated from latin)
* French being different from spanish & portuguese showing how long ago they diverged

23
Q

Cultural Anthropology

A

the comparative and holistic study of human culture, is both
historical and contemporary

24
Q

Comparative Cultural Anthropology

A

take or two units of analysis and compare and contrast them

EX: Religious, marriage, values, technology, wealth, education, gender relations
EX: Premarital chastity is emphasized in cultures that practiced dowry or bride price (economic practices). Other cultures don’t care about chastity at all.

25
Q

Holistic Cultural Anthropology

A

eclectic, all perspectives must be examined to explain human phenomena.

26
Q

Beri Beri in Thailand

A

Example of Holistic Cultural Anthropology

The locals in Thailand had Beri Beri diseases caused by thymond deficiency. The US org eventually found out it was caused by a fermented fish oil poured over rice which made an enzyme called thymondase. (Had to examine culture to see)

27
Q

Participant Observation

A

anthropologists live with the people they study and participate in their culture. Total immersion into the culture.

28
Q

Chagnon and Yanamamo

A

chagnon studied a tribe called yanamamo. The Yanamamo were pretty isolated from all peoples so they were highly susceptible to eastern diseases. The idea was to go to the Yanamamo to vaccinate people. Chagnon ended up staying to learn about the different groups in the tribe and how they lived. He went back a bit later to spend a year later to find out all the names given were false and were insults. Turns out it was rude to talk about any dead ancestors so people were actually cursing him out.

He learned the language by interacting with the people and asking about names.

29
Q

Ethnography

A

observing people in their own environment to understand their experiences, perspectives and everyday practices

30
Q

Ethnohistory

A

tries to tell what life was life for everyday folks

31
Q

Emic Perspective

A

the way a particular people view their own behavior> insider’s perspective.
* How people view their own behavior
* Best perspective

32
Q

Elephantiasis in India

A

Example of emic perspective

Elephantiasis - a condition caused by a polaritis which is passed on by worms to mosquitoes. Causes deadly swelling in the lower body. Spread through blood

Indians thought that the disease was caused by divine punishment due to infidelity (not just marriage & could’ve been in a past life). Believed that if you interact with affected people than you are participating in this sin, this often leads to shunning of the individual (they’re ostracized).
* Unknowingly quarantining

ANTH 205 (11 decks)

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