Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ANTH 205 > Magic & Religion > Flashcards

Magic & Religion Flashcards

1
Q

Magic and religion are formalized universals

A

formalized universals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Lewis Henry Morgan

A

Religion has no place. Science is everything

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

E.B. Tyler

A

Focused on religion.
Evolutionary Scheme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Evolutionary schemes

A

Animism –> Animitism –> polytheism –> Monotheism

believed that people would naturally advance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Animism

A

Everything in the environment has a spiritual environment that are cognitive to what humans do. You need to offer to them to use them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Animitism

A

believe in a single (anthropomorphic) source of power that humans can tap into to change some kind of circumstance (environment, healing, warfare)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Polytheism

A

having several gods and goddess that are

associated with natural phenomenons & different human idea
Normally appear in agriculture societies because spheres of influence becomes more convoluted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Monotheism

A

one god.
Male or female (mostly male). Central creator that is responsible for everything.

Comes from pastoralist groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Religions normally stem from

A

environment and functions for each groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Bronislaw Malinowski

A
  1. Primitive =Magic
  2. Civilized= Religion (contemporary)
  3. Future= Science.

Believed science would take over for Religion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Magic

A

animism, animitism & some polytheism

Supernatural used to manipulate the environment/reality. Illusion of control.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Religion

A

Polytheism & Monotheism

more concerned with explanation of phenomena, especially creation, a human’s place in the world.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Science

A

based on empirical observation

  • Enables us to predict and explain phenomena
  • Believed it would take over for religion
  • Some scientific questions cannot be answered with science
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Ethnoscience

A

in “primitive” societies, still based on empirical observation and hypothesis testing (scientific method)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Examples of enthoscience

A

medicinal plants, Navigation in the Pacific, wufanu

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

medicinal plants

A

way too complex to be by chance and trial and error

17
Q

Lapita Culture

A

Navigation in the Pacific

Wufanu - hymns, songs, rhymes, narratives that are memorized from birth

White hair was a sign of supernatural being that had absolute control

18
Q

Lapita Culture other signs

A

sea marks

Sea swells - indicate land in direction
Sea birds - where they’re flying from or to indicates land where they nests

19
Q

Malinowski’s Hypothesis

A

when an action is important to society to an individual/society, but if it’s more risky (uncertain outcome) there is more ritual & magic associated with it.

Ritual and magic give them a sense of control over reality

20
Q

Malinowski’s trobriand islanders

A

Lagoon: Netting and fishing was safe so no ritual activities
Open Sea: very dangerous so a lot of rituals

21
Q

Urubu

A

Believe that the forest goes to sleep every night so they will play music every morning to wake the forest up so they can use resources

Africa

22
Q

Crow & Two Leggings

A

Two leggings - a young warrior that spent all his time to gather medicine to become a better warrior

23
Q

Huron warfare & satisfaction of soul desires

A

Need to satisfy soul desires as a community or else people will be sick and die

24
Q

Dr. Fritz

A

List of rituals

25
Q

Magic in Our Culture

A

Dr. Fritz & Psychotherapy
Baseball Magic: George Gmelch.

26
Q

Fundamental Principles of Religion

A
  1. Based on Faith
  2. Reflection of the Human Life Cycle
  3. Reflection of the Social Order (of the society)
  4. Functions to Control Behavior
27
Q

Based on Faith

A

Functions To Help us through bad times, reconcile loss, failure & death.

28
Q

Reflection of the Human Life Cycle

A

Tend to Anthropomorphize beings (human body is only frame of reference) - project human qualities onto deities (like us but more powerful).

29
Q

Reoccuring themes about Reflection of the Human Life Cycle

A

Miracle (virgin) births - Huitzilopochtli (aztec sun god)

Never get ideas of deities’ childhoods. But go through a series of trials as they’re older.

30
Q

Reflection of the Social Order (of the society)

A

Peggy Sanday, Protestantism vs Catholicism

31
Q

Peggy Sanday Hypothesis

A

when females contribute something large and unique then there’s normally female deities with secular power

32
Q

Eskimos: Reflection of the Social Order

A

goddess of the animals. Animals are all of their subsistence. Despite the men hunting, women are the only economic actors in the group because they create the clothing that are worn and traded. More focused on women.

33
Q

Pastoralists: Reflection of the Social Order

A

male and female have the same jobs. There’s less female powers

34
Q

Reflection of the Social Order Depends on

A

how people view the physical and social environment
Benign - innercorentaiton. Secular and religious power to females
Dangerous - androcentric power

35
Q

Protestantism vs Catholicism: Reflection of the Social Order

A

Nobles and serfs → middle merchant class. They had money to educate their children and access to scripture.
Catholics guarded scripture vs Protestants who distributed bibles in their own language
Growing dissatisfaction with the government/church. Had a lot of power/land and corruption

36
Q

Functions to Control Behavior

A

most traditional societies used religion to create social rules.

37
Q

Yabilh Chakular

A

Witch demigoddess, demon that is seen in poor/rural people in Guatemala.

Concept of Limited Good.
Punished human beings for hoarding wealth.

38
Q

Example of Functions to Control Behavior

A

Yabilh Chakular
Witchcraft, evil eye
Elephantiasis in India
Spanish Inquisition (Witchcraft trials)
The bible

ANTH 205 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions