The Digestive system

Question 1

What is the digestive system?

Answer 1

The organs take in food and liquids and break them down into substances that the body can use for energy

Question 2

The function and structure of the digestive tract?

Answer 2

2 membranes separated by fluid protect the organs from surroundings.

Digestive tract is suspended and stabilized by sheets of membrane

Question 3

What is the alimentary canal ?

Answer 3

long coiled muscular tube from mouth to anus.

Question 4

The 4 layers of the alimentary canal ?

Answer 4

• Mucosa: muscle
• Submucosa– Dense connective tissue
  -Muscularis externa– two smooth muscle layers
  -Serosa(Outermost layer) – collagen

Question 5

The function of the alimentary canal ?

Answer 5

hydrolysis and absorption of food molecules

Question 6

The function of the mouth ?

Answer 6

Ingestion of food
Mastication – chewing
Mixed with saliva to soften for swallowing
Amylase – begins hydrolysis of starch into maltose

Question 7

What is the function of oesophagus ?

Answer 7

allow for the passage of material from the mouth and throat to the stomach.

Question 8

The process of the oesophagus ?

Answer 8

Swallowed food passes from pharynx to stomach by muscular tube

Elastic tissue allows expansion

Stratified epithelium protects against friction damage

oesophageal glands produce mucin to aid transit and protect

Question 9

What does the stomach contain ?

Answer 9

HCl
Enzymes
Mucous

Question 10

What the main function of gastric pits?

Answer 10

Mucous cells secrete mucous to protect stomach lining from effects of its own secretions

Question 11

Why is HCl important in the stomach ?

Answer 11

Provides optimum pH for pepsin and renin
Denatures proteins and aids the breakdown of connective tissue in meat

Question 12

The function of small intesine?

Answer 12

break down food, absorb nutrients needed for the body, and get rid of the unnecessary components.

Question 13

The 3 different parts of the small intestine ?

Answer 13

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

Question 14

Which part of the small intestine is pancreatic juice created ?

Answer 14

duodenum

Question 15

What does the pancreatic juice do ?

Answer 15

Neutralise stomach acid
Enzymes hydrolyse protein, carbohydrate and fats

Question 16

The function of the gallbladder ?

Answer 16

The gallbladder stores and concentrates bile from the liver.

Question 17

The adaptions of small intensines?

Answer 17

Surface area is increased
Enterocytes– absorptive function.
Goblet cells– Exocrine glands that secrete mucin.
Main site of digestion and absorption

Question 18

The main function of the large intestine?

Answer 18

Colon – water and ion absorption (Cl-, K+, Vitamins)

Question 19

What are the four parts of Ii ?

Answer 19

Caecum
Colon
Rectum
Anus

Question 20

The main purposes of digestion ?

Answer 20

Mechanical breakdown
Chemical breakdown
Absorption

Question 21

The function of liver ?

Answer 21

Water
Mucus
Cholesterol

Question 22

The function of villi in the small intestine?

Answer 22

Only one cell thick
Rapid absorption
Microvilli on surface
Blood supply

Question 23

How does carbohydrate absorption occur ?

Answer 23

Glucose co-transports with sodium through symporter utilising ATP to establish sodium gradient

Question 24

How does amino acid transport ?

Answer 24

Amino acids and small peptides use ATP to absorb into blood
Na+K+ATPase on basolateral membrane to establish Na+ gradient