Nervous system Flashcards
What is the function of the nervous system ?
NS enables response to external conditions + communication between all parts of the body
What is a neuron ?
nerve cells that send messages all over your body
The structure of a neuron ?
Dendrites
Cell body
Axon
Nerve terminal
What is the function of a neurone ?
- Membrane ion channels
- Nerve impulse
- Change in ion balance travels from one end of the cell to the other
What are the 3 types of neurones ?
Motor
Sensory
Relay
The function of motor neurone ?
Receive incoming stimuli from receptor (eyes) and relay the information to CNS
detecting outside the body, e.g. light or sound
The function of relay neurone ?
Relay messages between other neurones, sensory + motor.
Found most often in brain + spinal cord
No myelin sheath and dendrites
The function of motor neurone ?
Neurones located near effectors, glands + muscles
Carry impulses from CNS to effectors to initiate a response
Axons myelinated, nodes of Ranvier speed up conduction
The 3 components of the brain ?
Forebrain
Midbrain
Hindbrain
The function of hindbrain ?
Medulla oblongata- end of brainstem controlling heart rate
Pons - connects the cerebral cortex with the medulla transferring messages between various parts of the brain and the spinal cord
The cerebellum controls body movement and maintains balance
The function of midbrain ?
processing sensory information and autonomic regulation
Associated with vision and temperature regulation
The function of forebrain ?
Thalamus : relays motor and sensory signals to the cortex
Where is the hypothalamus located?
in the forebrain its responsible for hunger and thirst and helps control the ANS as it regulates body temperature
The function of cerebrum ?
Site of conscious thought, reasoning, personality and emotion
What is the function of peripheral nervous system
1) Afferent (sensory) nerves carry information from sensory receptors to CNS
2) Efferent (motor) nerves carry information from CNS to effector organs
