The Devensian Cold Stage

Question 1

When was the devensian cold stage?

Answer 1

115000 to 10000BP

Question 2

What sort of temperatures defined the cold stage?

Answer 2

Generally cold but considerable fluctuation

Question 3

What is an interstadial?

Answer 3

embedded periods of temporarily warm conditions

Question 4

What are Stadials?

Answer 4

Embedded periods of cold conditions

Question 5

When was the Chelford interstadial?

Answer 5

60 000BP

Question 6

What trees were present during the Chelford interstadial?

Answer 6

Birch, pine and spruce

Question 7

What are temperate species?

Answer 7

occurring in temperate latitudes

Question 8

What are boreal species?

Answer 8

characterised by coniferous forests

Question 9

What is the February mean temp the Chelford interstadial?

Answer 9

-10

Question 10

What is the July mean temp of the Chelford interstadial?

Answer 10

16

Question 11

What modern day environment is similar to the Chelford interstadial?

Answer 11

Scandinavian forests

Question 12

What fauna was present in the Chelford interstadial?

Answer 12

Brown bear, fox, red deer, spotted hyena, reindeer, wooly rhino, horse, elk.

Question 13

When was the Upton Warren interstadial?

Answer 13

42 000 - 38 000 BP

Question 14

What are the July mean temps of the Upton Warren interstadial?

Answer 14

16

Question 15

What are thermophilous species?

Answer 15

characteristic of warmer environments

Question 16

What are arctic alpines?

Answer 16

natural distribution includes the arctic and more southerly mountain ranges

Question 17

What trees were present in the Upton Warren interstadial??

Answer 17

No trees, possibly due to cold winter temperatures or herbivores

Question 18

What was the vertebrate fauna in the Upton Warren interstadial?

Answer 18

mammoth, wooly rhino, Bison, reindeer, horse

Question 19

When was the Dimlington Interstadial?

Answer 19

21000BP

Question 20

What characterised the Dimlington Interstadial?

Answer 20

Long period of cold - maximum expansion of the devensian ice sheet

Question 21

What was the devensian ice sheet?

Answer 21

Extensive ice coverage, polar desert or periglacial fringe

Question 22

What happened to large herbivores during the Dimlington Interstadial?

Answer 22

Forced south

Question 23

When was the last mammoth dated?

Answer 23

13000BP

Question 24

When was the windermere interstadial?

Answer 24

13 000BP

Question 25

What weather conditions characterised the windermere interstadial?

Answer 25

Was a rapid climactic warming, with July mean temp of 17-18 oC

Question 26

What was the vegetation in the windermere?

Answer 26

Park tundra, copses of birch, more continuous vegetation , Pine woods in the south and east

Question 27

What happened to ice caps in the windermere?

Answer 27

Strong reduction

Question 28

What temp conditions characterised the Loch Lomond stadial?

Answer 28

Return to colder conditions for about 1000 years may have been due to disruption of the golf stream, July mean temp of 10-12, ended with rapid temp rise

Question 29

What happened at the end of the loch lomond stadial?

Answer 29

Leads to post glacial flandrian period.

Question 30

When did the postglacial period begin?

Answer 30

10 000 years ago

Question 31

Who proposed a sub division of the postglacial period?

Answer 31

Axel Blytt and Rolf Sernander

Question 32

What was the blytt and serenader subdivision based on?

Answer 32

stratigraphy of peatlands