Ecology of board leaved deciduous woodland

Question 1

What percentage of the UK is wooded?

Answer 1

12%

Question 2

What are the three types of woodland inUK?

Answer 2

Native, ancient and recent

Question 3

Describe native woodland

Answer 3

40% in uk, mainly consists of native species

Question 4

How many native tree/shrub species does uk have?

Answer 4

around 50

Question 5

Describe ancient woodland

Answer 5

continually wooded since 1600 AD

Question 6

Describe recent woodland

Answer 6

planted or established naturally, recently

Question 7

What is primary woodland?

Answer 7

Has survived continuously since ice age

Question 8

What is secondary woodland?

Answer 8

Planted or established since last ice age

Question 9

What are plant communities?

Answer 9

possible to detect naturally- recurring species assemblages, similar habitats support a similar range of species

Question 10

What are the factors that cause communities to occur?

Answer 10

environmental factors and community processes

Question 11

What are the community processes?

Answer 11

competitive exclusion
co-existence through tolerance
co-existence through complementation
dependence

Question 12

What is the structure of a woodland and what are the components?

Answer 12

The vertical organisation of plant material within a community, vertical structure, horizontal structure and species abundance

Question 13

What make up woodland vertical structure?

Answer 13

The stratigraphy, four layers, the ground layer, field layer, shrub layer and tree layer

Question 14

What makes up the woodland horizontal structure?

Answer 14

is the pattern, the distribution types, either regular (over dispersed), random, or clumped (underdispersed)

Question 15

What factors affect the distribution pattern shown by a species?

Answer 15

Morphology and growth characteristics
Seed dispersal mechanisms
environmental heterogeneity
Species interactions

Question 16

What is the species abundance?

Answer 16

The amount a species contributes to the vegetation

Question 17

How do you measure species abundance?

Answer 17

Guesstimates
Density
Frequency
Cover

Question 18

How do you measure abundance via guesstimates?

Answer 18

Look at whether species is dominant, Abundant, frequent, occasional or rare

Question 19

How do you measure abundance via density?

Answer 19

Number of individuals per unit area

Question 20

How do you measure abundance via frequency

Answer 20

It is the chance of finding a particular species in a sample of vegetation, estimated by looking at area samples

Question 21

How do you measure abundance via cover?

Answer 21

A % of cover by each species in sample area

Question 22

What are the two main approaches to survival on the forest floor?

Answer 22

Shade tolerance or complementation

Question 23

What are the features of shade plants?

Answer 23

have shade leaves, large and thin with a single palisade layer, large SA:Weight ratio

Question 24

Where is morphological plasticity to shading common?

Answer 24

Plants that are occasionally in shade, unlike plants always in deep shade

Question 25

Where does deschampsia flexuosa grow and what are its leaves like?

Answer 25

(wavy hair grass) In many environments, not adapted to shade but is evergreen, long bristle like leaves

Question 26

What is respiration like in shade tolerant plants?

Answer 26

shade leaves respire more slowly, maintained at high and low light intensities

Question 27

What is complementation?

Answer 27

Plants that grow before the canopy does, occur under what becomes a dense canopy, early flowering