The Development Of The Stalin Cult And The Social And Economic Condition Of The Soviet Union By 1941

Question 1

How was Stalin portrayedinpropaganda

Answer 1

Showed him as the ‘mighty leader’, ‘father of the nation’, ‘universal genius’ and the ‘shining sun of huMANity’ and godlike eg deity

Question 2

What forms did Stalins propagandatake

Answer 2

Paintings, poems, posters and sculptures

Question 3

What qualities were attributed to Stalin

Answer 3

in continuous progression and bringing enlightenment to the Russian people

Question 4

When and how did Stalin re-write history?

Answer 4

Removal of enemies physically and photos were doctored to expunge them from the historical records 1938 - 1948 there was 34 mill copie sold in the Soviet Union

Question 5

Even though the adulation Stalin received was ‘manufactured’, why did so many people praise Stalin

Answer 5

Some praised because they had benefited from his ruleor hopedobeenfi in the future and needed to be assured of his patronage,emotional attachment to Stalin

Question 6

How far do you think Stalin deserves the title “the red tsar’

Answer 6

He did not need to be praised for th terror and pain he caused.Althouh he was somewhat improvingrussia to become more modernised howver he did not ensure this was done in a safe and proper way red corner to praise Stalin

Question 7

What did Khrushchev claim about Stalins editingof the official short biography of Stalin’s life

Answer 7

He insisted that it be revised to praise his qualities and achievements even more

Question 8

What were Lenin’s thoughts on artistic freedom?

Answer 8

Freedom of expression was encouraged but art as not used to express counter-revolutionary sentiments

Question 9

How did Stalin view cultural pursuits

Answer 9

I much the same way as he views pure propaganda - onlycondiered valuable and legitimate if they supported socialist ideology as art had no place in the soviet state

Question 10

What does it mean that writers were meant to be engineers of the human soul

Answer 10

The production of the human soul is of more importance and this should be shaped for soviet writing - they hav vast influence

Question 11

What bodies were established for artists and what control did they have?

Answer 11

Required to join the Union of Artists- exerted control over both what was created and who was allowed to create as if you did not have a membership it stripped your freedom to create or commission your work

Question 12

‘Socialis realisism’ definition

Answer 12

‘The truthful, historically concrete representation of reality in its revolutionary development’
- artists were to show what soviet future would or could be rather than the current time

Question 13

How did literature and art teach citizens that he ‘march to communism’ was inevitable

Answer 13

People were led to appreciate socialist reality and see a foreshadowing of the future in the present

Question 14

What were the expectations of art as laid down by Andrei Zhadanov in April 1934

Answer 14

Works were expected to glorify the working man, and particularlycommunities working together and embracing new technology. Messages conveyed were to be uplifting,optimistic and positive and should be aimed for the proletariat

Question 15

Give a range of examples of socialist realist worksfoart

Answer 15

Classicalformsof architecture, landscape art(particularly nature tamed by the soviets, music had a return to classics eg Glinka and Tcaickovsky and in lit to Pushkin and Tolstoy, folk culture promoted,folklore and peasant arts praised, for national culture to push for festivals

Question 16

Why was there an interest in Russian works of the 19th century? Does this surprise you?

Answer 16

Traditional forms of art often referred to socialism and the direction Stalin wished to direct Russia in and represented national culture with national values with Russia’s heritage- most of this was for pure Stalinist invention and did not actually come into practice, rather noted shining Stalin in a positive and traditionalist view

Question 17

How remarkable was the transformation that took place in the ussr between 1928 to 1941

Answer 17

Through romantising the ‘worker-hero’ and socialist values within propaganda, it pushed Russia into a state of believe for stalins motivations of the full scale socialist offensive on all fronts with economic developments the Pravda began to feature high working workers and women as the new generation of workers. Soviet aviators and arctic explorers also seen as heroes while cresting children’s stories which signed a negative light over the kulaks for the sacrifice f the socialst cause and everyone had to hear the propaganda news

Question 18

How does the transformation of Moscow epitomize socialist realism in architecture

Answer 18

The style was monumental, with Lenin’s mausoleum ‘shrine’ on the red square in the shadow of the kremlin, and on the kremlin and in 1935.the new Moscow metro presented symbols ofsocialsism with marble and mosaic designs. Palace of the soviets topped with a statue of lenin and hopped to be the tallest building the world

Question 19

How was a supposed Russian ‘national culture’ created? Or was it invented?

Answer 19

Traditional peasant arts and crafts were praised alongside folklore being brought back with folk choirs and dancing troupes supposedly representing a Russian national culture and performing infolklore festivals. This tied in with Stalins commitment to national values and praise for Russia’s great heritage, but most of this was pure Stalinist invention

Question 20

There was no such thing as freedom of expression in the arts in Russia in the 1930 validity

Answer 20

Somewhat valid as although art was free, it had to consider and fit into the expectations set out by Stalin with his approval to represent a great socialist society

Question 21

What statistical evidence do you have to illustrate Stalins industrial achievements

Answer 21

‘Worker and kolkhoz woman’ sculpture for the 1937 world trade fair in Paris measured at 24.5metres and palace of the soviets intended to be the tallest building in heworld

Question 22

What was produced as a result of the focus on heavy industry and rearmament in the 3rd FYP

Answer 22

A stainless steel statue of a worker and woman with a hammer and iron and steel production boosted

Question 23

What was the availability of consumer goods by 1941

Answer 23

Three good years where consumer goods boomed with the encouragement to buy radios and other forms of media usage in order to view stalins propaganda forms which were widely broadcasted howver this was soon cut back and became worse than under the NeP

Question 24

What were the weaknesses of the societ economy by 1941

Answer 24

Economic development unequal, quality of goods was poor, figures were set to high, the organization at local level was at times chaotic and the economy was not geared for imminent war in 1941 so when war broke out, deficiencies in quality and quantity of equipment were soon recognizable

Question 25

Statistical examples to show economic growth in agriculture, industry and consumer goods

Answer 25

Production f steel at 18.4 where as Britain at 10.3
Graina t 93 com red to 73 in 1928
Coalat 35.4 in 1928 where as 165 in 1940
Shoes at 58 in 1928 compared to 211in 1940

Question 26

Weakness with statistics for soviet development

Answer 26

Cows in 1928 were at 29compared to 1940- 28

Question 27

What could stalin claim to have made further progress to true socialism

Answer 27

As a result of the economic changes of the 1930s because, by the soviet definition, socialism meant social ownership of the means of production - allpeople now collecivelyowned factories and fields

Question 28

How couldstalin argue he had furthered control on the countryside and cities

Answer 28

Considerably strengthened in the countryside as peasants were supervised by the party officials from 1929 and in the cities, factories managers were subject othe ontrol of the party while the workers had to follow the Labour books orders and use of internal passports with the threat of denial for food housing and penalsenteces

Question 29

Ho could Stalin argue he furthered communist ideology

Answer 29

The soviets claimed state ownership was just a particular form of social ownership since the state was protecting the individual against profit seeking capitalists.

Question 30

How was the society that emerged in the industrialisation drive of the 1930s actually very different from the original socialist ideals

Answer 30

Rather than a classless society, a hierarchy society was created and dominated by privileged party elite. Thepeasants were at th mercy of the collectives and urban and rural working classe, no longer exploited by capitalist employers and instead driven by their soviet masters.

Question 31

Had as Marx stated, the state withered away

Answer 31

Had become more formidable, extensive and brutal

Question 32

Examples to show the overriding concern of the state was to force change at any cost

Answer 32

Any remaining private factories were closed in the 1930s and agriculture was made to be surely collectivized by 1930s even if this meant taking down any opposition including the kulaks and quotas were to be met under any circumstance as in July 1940 a decree was issued making poor quality production a criminal offense

Question 33

How did the quality of life for all non party personnel suffer from the economic drive

Answer 33

Low rations, poor housing and constant pressure were largely the offshoot o stalins own determination to sacrifice the people in the interests of his economic vision

Question 34

How can it be argued that the principle of the central authority and the development of the command economy were vital in the organization of the soviet war effort

Answer 34

It helped build resilience among the soviet Labour force and made them more ready to suffer for the greater good, enabling the suffering for the war.it also provided a much stronger basis for the ussr from which to mount a defense and fight back than would have been the case in 1928

Question 35

In 1941 was the nation producing more or less grain than under the nep

Answer 35

The nation was still producing less grain than under the Nep

Question 36

The ussr was in a weak economic condition when war broke out in 1941 validity

Answer 36

The lack of production which fit to the standards of others meant that the ussr was making limited money as thei products including foo were selling for very little and all their income was going on quicker production with the high production quotas needing to be met with quantities prioritized over quantity.les money was being made than the money made from private industries as wall as the increasing lack of food and weaponry up to a successful standard as well as the economic failure

Question 37

Where was art often placed

Answer 37

Museums and art galleries were workers had to expose individuals to socialist realism and indoctrination with similar targets to managers who had similar harsh targets to achieve

Question 38

Zhadnavshchina meaning

Answer 38

Period of time zhaddanov was in charge of arts

Question 39

The short course

Answer 39

History of the ussr as allowed by Stalin text book