The Development Of The Stalin Cult And The Social And Economic Condition Of The Soviet Union By 1941 Flashcards
How was Stalin portrayedinpropaganda
Showed him as the ‘mighty leader’, ‘father of the nation’, ‘universal genius’ and the ‘shining sun of huMANity’ and godlike eg deity
What forms did Stalins propagandatake
Paintings, poems, posters and sculptures
What qualities were attributed to Stalin
in continuous progression and bringing enlightenment to the Russian people
When and how did Stalin re-write history?
Removal of enemies physically and photos were doctored to expunge them from the historical records 1938 - 1948 there was 34 mill copie sold in the Soviet Union
Even though the adulation Stalin received was ‘manufactured’, why did so many people praise Stalin
Some praised because they had benefited from his ruleor hopedobeenfi in the future and needed to be assured of his patronage,emotional attachment to Stalin
How far do you think Stalin deserves the title “the red tsar’
He did not need to be praised for th terror and pain he caused.Althouh he was somewhat improvingrussia to become more modernised howver he did not ensure this was done in a safe and proper way red corner to praise Stalin
What did Khrushchev claim about Stalins editingof the official short biography of Stalin’s life
He insisted that it be revised to praise his qualities and achievements even more
What were Lenin’s thoughts on artistic freedom?
Freedom of expression was encouraged but art as not used to express counter-revolutionary sentiments
How did Stalin view cultural pursuits
I much the same way as he views pure propaganda - onlycondiered valuable and legitimate if they supported socialist ideology as art had no place in the soviet state
What does it mean that writers were meant to be engineers of the human soul
The production of the human soul is of more importance and this should be shaped for soviet writing - they hav vast influence
What bodies were established for artists and what control did they have?
Required to join the Union of Artists- exerted control over both what was created and who was allowed to create as if you did not have a membership it stripped your freedom to create or commission your work
‘Socialis realisism’ definition
‘The truthful, historically concrete representation of reality in its revolutionary development’
- artists were to show what soviet future would or could be rather than the current time
How did literature and art teach citizens that he ‘march to communism’ was inevitable
People were led to appreciate socialist reality and see a foreshadowing of the future in the present
What were the expectations of art as laid down by Andrei Zhadanov in April 1934
Works were expected to glorify the working man, and particularlycommunities working together and embracing new technology. Messages conveyed were to be uplifting,optimistic and positive and should be aimed for the proletariat
Give a range of examples of socialist realist worksfoart
Classicalformsof architecture, landscape art(particularly nature tamed by the soviets, music had a return to classics eg Glinka and Tcaickovsky and in lit to Pushkin and Tolstoy, folk culture promoted,folklore and peasant arts praised, for national culture to push for festivals
Why was there an interest in Russian works of the 19th century? Does this surprise you?
Traditional forms of art often referred to socialism and the direction Stalin wished to direct Russia in and represented national culture with national values with Russia’s heritage- most of this was for pure Stalinist invention and did not actually come into practice, rather noted shining Stalin in a positive and traditionalist view
How remarkable was the transformation that took place in the ussr between 1928 to 1941
Through romantising the ‘worker-hero’ and socialist values within propaganda, it pushed Russia into a state of believe for stalins motivations of the full scale socialist offensive on all fronts with economic developments the Pravda began to feature high working workers and women as the new generation of workers. Soviet aviators and arctic explorers also seen as heroes while cresting children’s stories which signed a negative light over the kulaks for the sacrifice f the socialst cause and everyone had to hear the propaganda news
How does the transformation of Moscow epitomize socialist realism in architecture
The style was monumental, with Lenin’s mausoleum ‘shrine’ on the red square in the shadow of the kremlin, and on the kremlin and in 1935.the new Moscow metro presented symbols ofsocialsism with marble and mosaic designs. Palace of the soviets topped with a statue of lenin and hopped to be the tallest building the world
How was a supposed Russian ‘national culture’ created? Or was it invented?
Traditional peasant arts and crafts were praised alongside folklore being brought back with folk choirs and dancing troupes supposedly representing a Russian national culture and performing infolklore festivals. This tied in with Stalins commitment to national values and praise for Russia’s great heritage, but most of this was pure Stalinist invention
There was no such thing as freedom of expression in the arts in Russia in the 1930 validity
Somewhat valid as although art was free, it had to consider and fit into the expectations set out by Stalin with his approval to represent a great socialist society
What statistical evidence do you have to illustrate Stalins industrial achievements
‘Worker and kolkhoz woman’ sculpture for the 1937 world trade fair in Paris measured at 24.5metres and palace of the soviets intended to be the tallest building in heworld
What was produced as a result of the focus on heavy industry and rearmament in the 3rd FYP
A stainless steel statue of a worker and woman with a hammer and iron and steel production boosted
What was the availability of consumer goods by 1941
Three good years where consumer goods boomed with the encouragement to buy radios and other forms of media usage in order to view stalins propaganda forms which were widely broadcasted howver this was soon cut back and became worse than under the NeP
What were the weaknesses of the societ economy by 1941
Economic development unequal, quality of goods was poor, figures were set to high, the organization at local level was at times chaotic and the economy was not geared for imminent war in 1941 so when war broke out, deficiencies in quality and quantity of equipment were soon recognizable
Statistical examples to show economic growth in agriculture, industry and consumer goods
Production f steel at 18.4 where as Britain at 10.3
Graina t 93 com red to 73 in 1928
Coalat 35.4 in 1928 where as 165 in 1940
Shoes at 58 in 1928 compared to 211in 1940
Weakness with statistics for soviet development
Cows in 1928 were at 29compared to 1940- 28
What could stalin claim to have made further progress to true socialism
As a result of the economic changes of the 1930s because, by the soviet definition, socialism meant social ownership of the means of production - allpeople now collecivelyowned factories and fields
How couldstalin argue he had furthered control on the countryside and cities
Considerably strengthened in the countryside as peasants were supervised by the party officials from 1929 and in the cities, factories managers were subject othe ontrol of the party while the workers had to follow the Labour books orders and use of internal passports with the threat of denial for food housing and penalsenteces
Ho could Stalin argue he furthered communist ideology
The soviets claimed state ownership was just a particular form of social ownership since the state was protecting the individual against profit seeking capitalists.
How was the society that emerged in the industrialisation drive of the 1930s actually very different from the original socialist ideals
Rather than a classless society, a hierarchy society was created and dominated by privileged party elite. Thepeasants were at th mercy of the collectives and urban and rural working classe, no longer exploited by capitalist employers and instead driven by their soviet masters.
Had as Marx stated, the state withered away
Had become more formidable, extensive and brutal
Examples to show the overriding concern of the state was to force change at any cost
Any remaining private factories were closed in the 1930s and agriculture was made to be surely collectivized by 1930s even if this meant taking down any opposition including the kulaks and quotas were to be met under any circumstance as in July 1940 a decree was issued making poor quality production a criminal offense
How did the quality of life for all non party personnel suffer from the economic drive
Low rations, poor housing and constant pressure were largely the offshoot o stalins own determination to sacrifice the people in the interests of his economic vision
How can it be argued that the principle of the central authority and the development of the command economy were vital in the organization of the soviet war effort
It helped build resilience among the soviet Labour force and made them more ready to suffer for the greater good, enabling the suffering for the war.it also provided a much stronger basis for the ussr from which to mount a defense and fight back than would have been the case in 1928
In 1941 was the nation producing more or less grain than under the nep
The nation was still producing less grain than under the Nep
The ussr was in a weak economic condition when war broke out in 1941 validity
The lack of production which fit to the standards of others meant that the ussr was making limited money as thei products including foo were selling for very little and all their income was going on quicker production with the high production quotas needing to be met with quantities prioritized over quantity.les money was being made than the money made from private industries as wall as the increasing lack of food and weaponry up to a successful standard as well as the economic failure
Where was art often placed
Museums and art galleries were workers had to expose individuals to socialist realism and indoctrination with similar targets to managers who had similar harsh targets to achieve
Zhadnavshchina meaning
Period of time zhaddanov was in charge of arts
The short course
History of the ussr as allowed by Stalin text book
