the developing brain Flashcards

1
Q

what is the neural tube

A

a sheet of ectodermal cells that folds over to form a tube in an early embryo

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2
Q

what does the neural tube turn into

A

spinal cord

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3
Q

what do the cavities in the neural tube develop into

A

ventricles filled with CSF

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4
Q

what is the alternative word for the forebrain

A

prosencephalon

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5
Q

what is the alternative word for the midbrain

A

mesencephalon

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6
Q

what is the alternative word for the hindbrain

A

rhombencephalon

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7
Q

What is the prosencephalon is split into

A

Telencephalon
Diencephalon

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8
Q

What is the rhombencephalon split into

A

Metencephalon
Myelencephalon

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9
Q

What makes up the telencephalon

A

Cerebral hemispheres

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10
Q

What makes up the diencephalon

A

Thalamus, hypothalamus and pituitary gland, pineal gland

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11
Q

What makes up the metencephalon

A

Pons and cerebellum

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12
Q

What makes up the myelencephalon

A

Medulla oblongata

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13
Q

What is the thalamus

A

A relay centre for sensory and motor signals

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14
Q

What is the function of the thalamus

A

Consciousness and alertness

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15
Q

What is the hypothalamus involved in

A

Central regulator of homeostasis over the 4 systems (HEAL)

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16
Q

What are the 4 systems HEAL

A

Homeostatic
Endocrine
Autonomic
Limbic mechanisms

17
Q

What is the limbic mechanisms involved with (HOME)

A

Homeostasis
Olfaction
Memory
Emotion

18
Q

Name 3 of the nuclei that the hypothalamus is subdivided in

A

Supraoptic
Paraventricular
Superchiasmatic

19
Q

What does the supraoptic paraventricular nucleus contain

A

Oxytocin or vasopressin and the project of the pituitary

20
Q

What nucleus is the master clock for circadian rhythms

A

Superchiasmatic

21
Q

What does the posterior pituitary gland involve

A

Oxytocin
Vasopressin

22
Q

Function of oxytocin

A

Behaviour and reproductive function

23
Q

Function of vasopressin

A

Osmotic balance, blood pressure and kidney function

24
Q

What does the anterior pituitary gland involve

A

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Growth hormone (GH)
Prolactin
Thyroid stimulation hormone (TSH)
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

25
Function of ACTH
Regulates cortisol and androgen
26
What does the epithalamus of the diencephalon involve
Pineal gland and the habenula which connects the limbic system to the brain
27
Function of cerebellum
Balance Coordination Motor learning Cognitive Posture
28
What is the Basal ganglia
A collection of grey matter deep within the cerebral white matter
29
What are the main components of the basal ganglia
Caudate nucleus Putamen Globus pallidus Subthalamic nucleus Substantial Nigra
30
Function of the basal ganglia
Regulates muscle tone and smoothening voluntary motor activities Emotion control Cognition Eye movements
31
What is the limbic system involved with
Behaviour and emotional responses, especially need for survival
32
What are cortical and subcortical structures in the limbic system
Hippocampus and amygdala