the developing brain Flashcards
what is the neural tube
a sheet of ectodermal cells that folds over to form a tube in an early embryo
what does the neural tube turn into
spinal cord
what do the cavities in the neural tube develop into
ventricles filled with CSF
what is the alternative word for the forebrain
prosencephalon
what is the alternative word for the midbrain
mesencephalon
what is the alternative word for the hindbrain
rhombencephalon
What is the prosencephalon is split into
Telencephalon
Diencephalon
What is the rhombencephalon split into
Metencephalon
Myelencephalon
What makes up the telencephalon
Cerebral hemispheres
What makes up the diencephalon
Thalamus, hypothalamus and pituitary gland, pineal gland
What makes up the metencephalon
Pons and cerebellum
What makes up the myelencephalon
Medulla oblongata
What is the thalamus
A relay centre for sensory and motor signals
What is the function of the thalamus
Consciousness and alertness
What is the hypothalamus involved in
Central regulator of homeostasis over the 4 systems (HEAL)
What are the 4 systems HEAL
Homeostatic
Endocrine
Autonomic
Limbic mechanisms
What is the limbic mechanisms involved with (HOME)
Homeostasis
Olfaction
Memory
Emotion
Name 3 of the nuclei that the hypothalamus is subdivided in
Supraoptic
Paraventricular
Superchiasmatic
What does the supraoptic paraventricular nucleus contain
Oxytocin or vasopressin and the project of the pituitary
What nucleus is the master clock for circadian rhythms
Superchiasmatic
What does the posterior pituitary gland involve
Oxytocin
Vasopressin
Function of oxytocin
Behaviour and reproductive function
Function of vasopressin
Osmotic balance, blood pressure and kidney function
What does the anterior pituitary gland involve
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Growth hormone (GH)
Prolactin
Thyroid stimulation hormone (TSH)
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Function of ACTH
Regulates cortisol and androgen
What does the epithalamus of the diencephalon involve
Pineal gland and the habenula which connects the limbic system to the brain
Function of cerebellum
Balance
Coordination
Motor learning
Cognitive
Posture
What is the Basal ganglia
A collection of grey matter deep within the cerebral white matter
What are the main components of the basal ganglia
Caudate nucleus
Putamen
Globus pallidus
Subthalamic nucleus
Substantial Nigra
Function of the basal ganglia
Regulates muscle tone and smoothening voluntary motor activities
Emotion control
Cognition
Eye movements
What is the limbic system involved with
Behaviour and emotional responses, especially need for survival
What are cortical and subcortical structures in the limbic system
Hippocampus and amygdala
