Spinal Cord

Question 1

Function of spinal cord

Answer 1

Sends and receives signals between brain and rest of the body

Question 2

Where does the spinal cord begin

Answer 2

Foremen magnum in the skull

Question 3

Where does the spinal cord terminate

Answer 3

Lumbar region

Question 4

Where is the spinal cord situated

Answer 4

In the vertebral canal of the vertebral column

Question 5

What is the spinal cord surrounded by

Answer 5

3 meninges (pia, aranchoid, dura)

Question 6

What is the centre of the spinal cord

Answer 6

Inner core of grey matter - H shaped pillar with anterior and posterior grey horns

Question 7

What is the inner grey matter core surrounded by

Answer 7

Outer covering of white matter divided into anterior, lateral and posterior white columns

Question 8

What does gray matter consist of

Answer 8

Nerve cells, neuroglia and blood vessels

Question 9

Which part of the spine contains the most grey matter and why

Answer 9

Crevical and lumbosacral as the amount of grey matter is related to the amount of muscle innervated at that level

Question 10

What is the cervical enlargement

Answer 10

4th cervical to 2nd thoracic

Question 11

What is the lumbo sacral enlargement

Answer 11

2nd lumbar to 3rd sacral

Question 12

How many oairs of spinal nerves

Answer 12

31

Question 13

How many pairs of nerves in the cervical region

Answer 13

8

Question 14

How many pairs of nerves in the thoracic region

Answer 14

12

Question 15

How many pairs of nerves in the lumbar

Answer 15

5

Question 16

How many pairs of nerves in the sacral

Answer 16

5

Question 17

How many pairs of nerves in the coccygeal

Answer 17

1

Question 18

How are the spinal nerves attached

Answer 18

Anterior - motor roots
Posterior - sensory roots

Question 19

What does each posterior nerve root possess

Answer 19

A posterior root ganglion

Question 20

What is a sensory ganglia

Answer 20

Ovoid shape with and oval bell body

Question 21

What are motor ganglia

Answer 21

A long chain in the spine from base of skull to tail which contains irregular shaped cell bodies

Question 22

What is cauda equine

Answer 22

A collection of nerve cells at the end of the spinal cord

Question 23

What is the size of the vertebral canal in the cervical area

Answer 23

Large

Question 24

Size of vertebral canal in thoracic

Answer 24

Small

Question 25

What are the levels of spinal cord injury

Answer 25

A-E

Question 26

What do the long axons in the spinal cord control

Answer 26

Skeletal muscles in the neck, torso, limbs called motor neurons

Question 27

What do the sensory neurons in the spinal cord control

Answer 27

Dorsal root ganglion carry info from the body to spinal cord found immediately outside of the spinal cord

Question 28

What do the spinal interneurons in the spinal cord control

Answer 28

Cells help integrate sensory info and generate coordinated signals that control muscles

Question 29

What is myelin

Answer 29

A white fatty substance produced by Schwann cells

Question 30

What do the peripheral nerves consist of

Answer 30

Parallel bundles of fibres that may be efferent or afferent

Question 31

What are the peripheral nerves and what surrounds them

Answer 31

Cranial and spinal surrounded by connective tissue sheaths

Question 32

What do proprioreceptors detect

Answer 32

Change in balance and spatial awareness

Question 33

What do the mechanoreceptors detect

Answer 33

Pressure / touch in the skin

Question 34

What do the norcireceptors detect

Answer 34

Pain

Question 35

What do thermoreceptors detect

Answer 35

Temperature

Question 36

What is laceration in peripheral nerves

Answer 36

Complete splitting in the axon and it is irreversible

Question 37

What is compression in the peripheral nerves

Answer 37

When the axon of the nerve compresses

Question 38

What is stretch in the peripheral nerve

Answer 38

When the axon in the nerve is pulled