concussion Flashcards
what is the cerebral cortex
thin layer of brain covering outer part of cebebrum that is easily damaged by trauma
what is a concussion
a minor brain injury following a direct blow of force to the head or face
what are the four types of concussion symptoms
cognitive
physical
emotional
sleep
give cognitive symptoms
feeling foggy, repeating questions, feeling slowed, difficulty concentrating
give emotional symptoms
irritability, sadness, nervous
give physical symptoms
headache, nausea, vomiting, dazed, light sensitivity
give sleep symptoms
drowsiness, sleeping more or less than usual
what causes concussion symptoms
the movement of the brain causes neurons to stretch and sometimes break so connections become damaged or broken
can you see a concussion on a brain scan? why
no, it is at a cellular level
injuries to the neurons causes what to leak
chemicals to leak in and out of cells
why does the brain make less energy
theres less blood flow, damage to mitochondria, brain uses the energy to heal
what does some research suggest that a concussion is associated with
damage to deep connections in the brain (white matter)
why is it important to stop activity following a concussion
there’s more chance of another injury due to impaired cognition ad balance
what is second impact syndrome
a second head injury believed to result in loss of cerebrovascular autoregulation, it can lead to brain swelling and mortality is near 100%
what cannot be diagnosed until autopsy
chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE)
what is the metabolic rate of healing for adults
10-14 days
what is the metabolic rate of healing for under 18s
1 month
what are the two different types of amnesia
retrogade
antergrade
what is retrograde amnesia
memory prior to injury
what is anteroamnesia
memory following injury
what is used to assess concussions
SCAT6 - sports concussion assessment tool
what is the glasgow coma scale
scale to assess eye, verbal and motor responsiveness
what is the ideal score for the glasgow coma scale
15
what is the maddocks score
a few questions regarding what venue, what half were in … used to validate side line diagnosis of concussion
