Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A Level Psychology > the cognitive approach > Flashcards

the cognitive approach Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards AP® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

What does cognitive psychology study?

A

“Cognitive psychology studies behaviour by looking at our perception language attention and memory.”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What metaphor does cognitive psychology use to explain the mind?

A

“The mind can be compared to a computer; it is a reductionist approach.”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are theoretical models used for in cognitive psychology?

A

“Theoretical models are used to explain and make inferences about mental processes that lead to particular behaviours.”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are cognitive psychologists interested in explaining?

A

“They are interested in explaining how the mind processes information and makes decisions.”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is ecological validity?

A

“Ecological validity is the measure of how much the result of an experiment reflects what would happen in natural settings.”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a laboratory experiment?

A

“A laboratory experiment happens in a lab with strict control over variables but often low ecological validity.”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a field experiment?

A

“A field experiment takes place in a natural situation with more ecological validity but less control over variables.”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a natural experiment?

A

“A natural experiment involves observing a naturally occurring situation where variables can’t be randomly assigned.”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the role of schemas in cognitive psychology?

A

“Schemas help to organise and interpret information and experiences.”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What happens when new information is consistent with a schema?

A

“The information is assimilated into the schema and the schema is strengthened.”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What happens when new information is inconsistent with a schema?

A

“Accommodation occurs and the schema changes to include the new information.”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are role schemas?

A

“Role schemas are ideas about behaviour expected from someone in a certain role setting or situation.”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are event schemas?

A

“Event schemas contain information about what happens in a situation often called scripts.”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are self-schemas?

A

“Self-schemas contain information about ourselves based on personal characteristics beliefs and values.”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What did Bartlett investigate in 1932?

A

“Bartlett investigated schemas using the ‘War of the Ghosts’ story and observed how participants changed the story to fit their schemas.”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is cognitive neuroscience?

A

“Cognitive neuroscience links human behaviour to brain function and studies the brain’s activity during cognitive tasks.”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What methods do cognitive neuroscientists use?

A

“Cognitive neuroscientists use lesion studies electrophysiology and neuroimaging.”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the strengths of the cognitive approach?

A

“It considers mental processes often overlooked in other approaches and has influenced therapy development.”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the weaknesses of the cognitive approach?

A

“It relies on artificial situations and models ignores emotion and assumes everyone processes similarly.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What do cognitive psychologists aim to study?

A

“Cognitive psychologists aim to study mental processes and their effect on behaviour scientifically.”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are humans described as in the cognitive approach?

A

“Humans are described as information processors with behaviour explained in terms of information processing.”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What does a computer model compare the brain to?

A

“The brain is compared to a computer with processes of input processing and output.”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What terms are borrowed from computers to describe the brain?

A

“The brain is described as a processor with networks for communication and the ability to work sequentially or in parallel.”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the limitations of computer models?

A

“Humans are influenced by emotions have unlimited but unreliable memory and can choose decisions unlike computers.”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the cognitive approach’s view of mental systems?

A

“Mental systems have a limited capacity influenced by both task demands and how information is processed.”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What do control mechanisms ensure in mental processes?

A

“Control mechanisms ensure mental processes work in the right sequence.”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the flow of information in cognitive systems?

A

“Information flows in a system where data is taken in processed stored and used.”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the definition of a schema?

A

“A schema contains all the information you know about an object action

29
Q

What types of schemas exist?

A

“Role schemas event schemas and self-schemas.”

30
Q

What are role schemas used for?

A

“Role schemas store information about how someone in a particular role is expected to behave.”

31
Q

What are event schemas also called?

A

“Event schemas are also called scripts.”

32
Q

What do self-schemas include?

A

“Self-schemas include information about your personality beliefs and values.”

33
Q

What is a problem with schemas?

A

“Schemas can prevent learning new information and lead to stereotyping or ignoring inconsistent information.”

34
Q

What is the significance of Bartlett’s ‘War of the Ghosts’ study?

A

“It demonstrated how people reconstruct memory to fit schemas leading to altered story details.”

35
Q

When did cognitive neuroscience begin to take hold?

A

“In the 1970s when brain imaging techniques started influencing the field.”

36
Q

What is the role of brain imaging in cognitive neuroscience?

A

“It identifies brain regions active during memory tasks and links brain function to behaviour.”

37
Q

What is electrophysiology used for?

A

“Electrophysiology uses electrical and magnetic fields to measure brain activity.”

38
Q

What is neuroimaging used for?

A

“Neuroimaging pinpoints brain regions active during specific tasks.”

39
Q

Why does cognitive research often lack validity?

A

“It uses artificial situations and computer models that may not reflect real-world behaviour.”

40
Q

What therapies has the cognitive approach influenced?

A

“It has influenced therapies like cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT).

41
Q

What is the primary focus of the cognitive approach?

A

“The cognitive approach focuses on how we think perceive and interpret the world through cognitive processes.”

42
Q

What is the reductionist analogy used in the cognitive approach?

A

“The mind is compared to a computer focusing on input processing and output of information.”

43
Q

What is the information processing analogy in the cognitive approach?

A

“Cognitive psychology uses computer models to explain how humans process store and retrieve information.”

44
Q

What do theoretical models in the cognitive approach aim to do?

A

“Theoretical models aim to explain and make inferences about mental processes based on observable behaviour.”

45
Q

What are the three types of research methods used by cognitive psychologists?

A

“Laboratory experiments field experiments and natural experiments.”

46
Q

What is a key feature of laboratory experiments in cognitive psychology?

A

“Laboratory experiments are highly controlled and scientific but may lack ecological validity.”

47
Q

What is the strength of field experiments?

A

“Field experiments take place in natural settings improving ecological validity but with less control over variables.”

48
Q

What is a limitation of natural experiments?

A

“Natural experiments lack control over variables making it harder to determine causation.”

49
Q

What principle explains the capacity of cognitive systems?

A

“Cognitive systems have a limited capacity influenced by task difficulty and information flow.”

50
Q

What ensures the correct sequence of mental processing?

A

“Control mechanisms regulate mental processes to ensure they occur in the proper order.”

51
Q

What are schemas important for?

A

“Schemas help us organize and interpret information allowing us to respond to new situations efficiently.”

52
Q

What happens when information is consistent with a schema?

A

“It is assimilated into the schema strengthening the existing schema.”

53
Q

What happens when information is inconsistent with a schema?

A

“The schema is accommodated changing to include the new information.”

54
Q

What is an example of role schemas?

A

“Role schemas include expectations about behaviour such as how a doctor or teacher should act.”

55
Q

What is an example of event schemas?

A

“Event schemas include scripts like knowing to order food at a restaurant.”

56
Q

What is an example of self-schemas?

A

“Self-schemas contain information about yourself such as your personality beliefs and values.”

57
Q

What was the method used in Bartlett’s (1932) study ‘The War of the Ghosts’?

A

“Participants were asked to recall an unfamiliar Native American folk tale multiple times.”

58
Q

What were the results of Bartlett’s study?

A

“Participants altered the story to fit their own schemas adding or omitting details.”

59
Q

What was a limitation of Bartlett’s study?

A

“The study lacked ecological validity because it was conducted in a laboratory setting.”

60
Q

What was the impact of computer advancements on the cognitive approach?

A

“Computer advancements in the 1950s and 1960s led to the analogy of the brain as a processor.”

61
Q

What do computer models describe about brain function?

A

“The brain processes data sequentially for complex tasks and in parallel for familiar tasks.”

62
Q

What are some differences between humans and computers?

A

“Humans have emotions unlimited but unreliable memory and free will unlike computers.”

63
Q

What techniques are used in cognitive neuroscience?

A

“Lesion studies electrophysiology and neuroimaging techniques like PET scans are used.”

64
Q

What is electrophysiology?

A

“Electrophysiology uses electrical and magnetic fields to measure brain activity and brain waves.”

65
Q

What is neuroimaging?

A

“Neuroimaging identifies active brain regions during tasks and links them to cognitive functions.”

66
Q

What are strengths of the cognitive approach?

A

“It considers mental processes overlooked in other approaches and has influenced therapies like CBT.”

67
Q

What are weaknesses of the cognitive approach?

A

“It often uses artificial settings ignores individual differences and assumes all processing is the same for everyone.”

68
Q

Why are computer models criticized in cognitive psychology?

A

“Computer models ignore emotions and oversimplify the complexity of human thought.”

69
Q

How does the cognitive approach influence therapy development?

A

“It has contributed to cognitive behavioural therapy targeting maladaptive thoughts.”

A Level Psychology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions