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A Level Psychology > Social learning theory > Flashcards

Social learning theory Flashcards

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1
Q

What theory did Bandura develop in the 1960s

A

Social Learning Theory

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2
Q

What does SLT agree with

A

People can learn by conditioning but also claims they learn a lot from role models

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3
Q

What processes are involved between stimulus and response in SLT

A

Mediational cognitive processes

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4
Q

What must people focus on for SLT to work

A

People must focus their attention on the role model perceive what they do and remember it

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5
Q

What is modelling

A

Observing and imitating another person

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6
Q

What is identification in SLT

A

Where certain attractive qualities and characteristics are picked up on

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7
Q

What happens when you identify with a model

A

You can copy and learn from their behaviour

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8
Q

What is the importance of the model being significant

A

The model will often be someone who is significant to the observer

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9
Q

What is reinforcement in SLT

A

Positive or negative reinforcement makes the behaviour more likely to happen again

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10
Q

What is vicarious reinforcement

A

Seeing others being rewarded for a behaviour influences someone in whether they choose to imitate the behaviour

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11
Q

What is attention in SLT

A

You have to pay attention to learn a behaviour

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12
Q

Why is retention important in SLT

A

You need to pay attention at the time and remember what you observed

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13
Q

What is reproduction in SLT

A

Judging whether you have the ability to reproduce the behaviour

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14
Q

What happens if you do not think you can reproduce the behaviour

A

You are far more likely not to do it

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15
Q

What is motivation in SLT

A

You evaluate the direct or indirect results of imitating the behaviour

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16
Q

When are you more likely to imitate a behaviour

A

If the behaviour results in a good reward

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17
Q

What type of theory is SLT

A

Reductionist

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18
Q

What does SLT ignore

A

Any biological explanations

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19
Q

What did Bandura study

A

Bandura studied imitation of aggressive models

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20
Q

How many participants were in Bandura’s study

A

36 girls and 36 boys

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21
Q

What was the mean age of the participants in Bandura’s study

A

Mean age of 52 months

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22
Q

What was the design of Bandura’s study

A

Matched participants design

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23
Q

What were the three conditions in Bandura’s study

A

Aggressive models non-aggressive models and control

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24
Q

What did children in the first condition observe

A

Aggressive adult models playing with a Bobo doll

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25
Q

What did children in the second condition observe

A

Non-aggressive models playing with other toys and ignoring the Bobo doll

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26
Q

What was the third condition in Bandura’s study

A

Control condition with no exposure to models

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27
Q

What did children exposed to aggressive models imitate

A

A lot of aggressive behaviour

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28
Q

What did children in the control condition show

A

More aggressive behaviour than in the non-aggressive condition

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29
Q

What was the conclusion of Bandura’s study

A

Aggressive behaviour is learnt through imitation of others behaving aggressively

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30
Q

Why was Bandura’s study reliable

A

There was strict control of the variables

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31
Q

Why might Bandura’s study lack ecological validity

A

Children were not in a natural situation

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32
Q

Why is generalisation difficult in Bandura’s study

A

A limited sample was studied

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33
Q

What ethical issue arises in Bandura’s study

A

The study encouraged aggression in children

34
Q

Why is reinforcement not needed for learning in SLT

A

We can learn just by observing

35
Q

What happens if you see a model punished for an action

A

You are unlikely to copy it

36
Q

Why is Bandura’s study not just a test of aggression

A

It was also a test of obedience

37
Q

What is the relevance of SLT to the nature-nurture debate

A

The cause of behaviour can be a mix of nature and nurture

38
Q

Why can it be difficult to conclude that observational learning has taken place

A

The behaviour can be repeated a long time after they were observedWhat is required for effective learning in SLT

39
Q

What are the four cognitive processes in SLT

A

Attention retention reproduction and motivation

40
Q

What must happen after you notice a role model

A

You must give your full attention and attend to their behaviour

41
Q

What is the ability to reproduce the behaviour called

A

Reproduction

42
Q

What does evaluating the result of imitating a behaviour affect

A

It affects your motivation to imitate

43
Q

Why might SLT be considered reductionist

A

It explains things through basic cause-and-effect mechanisms

44
Q

What are mediational processes in SLT

A

Processes that occur between stimulus and response

45
Q

What did Bandura’s study provide evidence for

A

Social Learning Theory

46
Q

What did Bandura’s study encourage

A

Encouraged aggression in children

47
Q

Why might the results of Bandura’s study lack ecological validity

A

Children were not in a natural situation

48
Q

What is a Bobo doll

A

An inflatable figure with a weight in the bottom

49
Q

What is identification in SLT

A

Picking up attractive qualities and characteristics from a model

50
Q

What increases the likelihood of imitating a behaviour

A

Seeing others being rewarded for it

51
Q

What does reinforcement involve in SLT

A

Positive or negative consequences that make behaviour more likely to happen

52
Q

Who developed Social Learning Theory

A

Bandura

53
Q

What type of design did Bandura’s study use

A

Matched participants design

54
Q

What kind of toys were used in the non-aggressive condition

A

Toys like tea sets crayons and dolls

55
Q

What tools were used to display aggression in the aggressive condition

A

A Bobo doll and a mallet

56
Q

What happens in vicarious reinforcement

A

Seeing someone else being rewarded influences behaviour

57
Q

How does retention work in SLT

A

You need to remember what you observed to reproduce it later

58
Q

What was one criticism of Bandura’s study

A

It may be difficult to generalise results as the children were all from the same school

59
Q

Why might Bandura’s study raise ethical issues

A

It encouraged aggression in children

60
Q

What cognitive process involves judging whether you have the ability to perform a behaviour

A

Reproduction

61
Q

What does SLT suggest about behaviour learning

A

Behaviour is learnt through observation and imitationWhat does Bandura’s study show about aggression

62
Q

What did children in the non-aggressive condition show

A

They played calmly and showed barely any aggression

63
Q

What does Bandura’s study suggest about behaviour

A

Behaviour is learnt through imitation of others behaving aggressively

64
Q

What toys were in the control condition

A

A Bobo doll tea set crayons and other toys

65
Q

How were the children grouped in Bandura’s study

A

They were matched based on ratings of aggressive behaviour

66
Q

Why might Bandura’s study lack generalisability

A

It studied a limited sample of children from the same school

67
Q

What was the main conclusion of Bandura’s study

A

Aggressive behaviour can be learned through imitation

68
Q

What are the three conditions in Bandura’s study

A

Aggressive models non-aggressive models and control

69
Q

What is the role of the model in SLT

A

To demonstrate behaviours that may be imitated

70
Q

How can reinforcement influence behaviour in SLT

A

It can make behaviour more likely to happen again

71
Q

What is an example of vicarious reinforcement in SLT

A

Seeing others being rewarded for a behaviour

72
Q

What does SLT emphasise about learning

A

Learning happens through observation and imitation

73
Q

What do mediational processes refer to

A

Cognitive processes between stimulus and response

74
Q

What is the first cognitive process in SLT

A

Attention

75
Q

What is required to learn from a role model in SLT

A

Paying attention and focusing on their behaviour

76
Q

What must you do after paying attention to a behaviour

A

Retain and remember the observed behaviour

77
Q

How can identification with a model affect learning

A

You are more likely to imitate someone you identify with

78
Q

Why is SLT considered a reductionist theory

A

It explains behaviour through cause-and-effect mechanisms

79
Q

What do cognitive processes in SLT mediate

A

They mediate the relationship between stimulus and response

80
Q

What happens if a behaviour results in a good reward

A

You are more likely to imitate it

A Level Psychology (19 decks)

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