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A Level Psychology > Humanistic approach > Flashcards

Humanistic approach Flashcards

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1
Q

Humanistic psychology focuses on which aspect of a person

A

The person as a whole

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2
Q

What belief do humanistic psychologists have about people

A

People are inherently good and driven to achieve their full potential

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3
Q

What distinguishes humanistic psychology from other types of psychology

A

It focuses on the feelings of the individual and treats everyone as unique

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4
Q

What approach does humanistic psychology use when studying individuals

A

An idiographic approach

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5
Q

What does humanistic psychology assume about human behaviour

A

It is caused by subjective feelings and self-concept

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6
Q

Which approaches does humanistic psychology disagree with

A

Strictly deterministic approaches that assume behaviour is determined by free will

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7
Q

What is the belief about people choosing their behaviour in humanistic psychology

A

People can choose how to behave

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8
Q

What motivates people according to humanistic psychology

A

The need to use their own free will to reach their fullest potential

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9
Q

What did Maslow develop to explain motivation

A

A hierarchy of needs

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10
Q

Which level of Maslow’s hierarchy focuses on food and shelter

A

Physiological needs

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11
Q

What are safety needs according to Maslow

A

The need to feel safe physically psychologically and economically

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12
Q

Which level of Maslow’s hierarchy includes acceptance and belonging

A

Need for love and belonging

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13
Q

What needs are focused on achievement and gaining respect

A

Esteem needs

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14
Q

At which level do people realize their full potential

A

Self-actualisation

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15
Q

What is self-actualisation according to Maslow

A

Reaching your fullest potential and becoming the best you are capable of being

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16
Q

What are the characteristics of self-actualised people

A

Self-awareness acceptance of others creativity dealing with uncertainty

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17
Q

What are peak experiences in Maslow’s theory

A

Times when people feel wonder and euphoria towards the world

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18
Q

Why is there limited evidence for Maslow’s hierarchy

A

It is supported by biographical evidence rather than research

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19
Q

What did Aronoff’s study of job demands find

A

People in more challenging roles were more self-actualised

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20
Q

What did Aronoff’s study suggest about satisfying lower needs

A

People cannot reach higher levels until lower needs are satisfied

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21
Q

How did Rogers’ view of self-actualisation differ from Maslow’s

A

Rogers focused on thoughts and treatment by others

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22
Q

What does Rogers believe can block self-actualisation

A

Psychological problems from the environment

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23
Q

What does Rogers’ theory say about regard and approval

A

People need to feel approved of and shown love

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24
Q

What does Rogers mean by the ideal self

A

How people would like to see themselves

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25
What are the two parts of the self according to Rogers
Self-concept and ideal self
26
What leads to psychological problems according to Rogers
Incongruence between self-concept and ideal self
27
What does unconditional positive regard lead to
A positive self-concept
28
What is a condition of worth
Approval given as a result of behaving in a certain way
29
What is person-centred therapy
Therapy focused on helping the client achieve their ideal self
30
What techniques does a therapist use in person-centred therapy
Empathy and repeating the client's statements
31
What are the strengths of humanistic psychology
It is positive focuses on free will and treats people as individuals
32
What research method is often used in humanistic psychology
Qualitative data
33
What is a weakness of humanistic psychology
It lacks objectivity and is difficult to test scientifically
34
Why is humanistic psychology not a scientific approach
It does not create general laws and lacks empirical evidence"What type of approach is humanistic psychology
35
What research method is often used in humanistic psychology
Case studies
36
Who developed person-centred therapy
Carl Rogers
37
What is the aim of person-centred therapy
To reduce the gap between self-concept and the ideal self
38
What three core conditions are essential in person-centred therapy
Empathy congruence unconditional positive regard
39
What is the role of the therapist in person-centred therapy
To provide a supportive non-judgmental environment
40
Why is person-centred therapy considered effective
It helps clients feel understood and valued
41
What is a limitation of person-centred therapy
It may not be effective for severe mental health conditions
42
What does congruence mean in Rogers' theory
Consistency between self-concept and ideal self
43
What does incongruence lead to according to Rogers
Low self-esteem and anxiety
44
Which research supports Rogers' concept of congruence
Positive correlation between congruence and psychological health
45
What does Maslow's hierarchy suggest about motivation
It is a series of stages based on different needs
46
Why is Maslow's hierarchy criticised
It may not apply to all cultures
47
What is self-worth according to Rogers
The value we place on ourselves
48
What happens when conditions of worth are imposed
People may develop incongruence
49
What is a key feature of humanistic psychology
Focus on personal growth and fulfilment"What is the focus of humanistic psychology
50
How do humanistic psychologists view people
As inherently good and driven to achieve their full potential
51
How does humanistic psychology differ from other types of psychology
It focuses on the individual's subjective feelings and experiences
52
What type of approach does humanistic psychology use
Idiographic approach
53
Why does humanistic psychology reject determinism
It believes behaviour is influenced by free will
54
According to humanistic psychology what drives people to act
Their desire to achieve their fullest potential
55
What are peak experiences according to Maslow
Times of wonder and euphoria associated with self-actualisation
56
What does Maslow's hierarchy of needs explain
How human needs are categorised and prioritised
57
What is the highest level in Maslow's hierarchy
Self-actualisation
58
What is a characteristic of self-actualised people
A strong sense of self-awareness
59
What is another characteristic of self-actualised people
A fully accepting view of themselves and others
60
What is the third characteristic of self-actualised people
The ability to deal with uncertainty and the unknown
61
What is the fourth characteristic of self-actualised people
A strong sense of creativity
62
What did Maslow believe about people who achieve self-actualisation
They have peak experiences
63
Who tested Maslow's hierarchy of needs in a naturalistic environment
Aronoff 1967
64
What group did Aronoff compare in his study
Cane cutters and fishermen
65
What did Aronoff conclude about Maslow's hierarchy
Higher needs are not pursued until lower needs are satisfied
66
What did Rogers believe about the path to self-actualisation
It depends on thoughts and treatment by others
67
What are the two parts of the self according to Rogers
Self-concept and ideal self
68
What is unconditional positive regard
Acceptance and support regardless of behaviour
69
What happens if people do not experience unconditional positive regard
They may develop incongruence
70
What did Rogers develop from his ideas
Person-centred therapy
71
How does person-centred therapy work
By helping clients achieve congruence between self-concept and ideal self
72
What is the therapist's job in person-centred therapy
To help clients become aware of their thoughts actions and behaviours
73
What is a key strength of humanistic psychology
It treats people as individuals and focuses on free will
74
What is a weakness of humanistic psychology
It lacks objectivity and is difficult to test scientifically
75
What is another weakness of humanistic psychology
It doesn't create generalised laws making it less scientific
76
Why is the humanistic approach considered positive
It states people strive to be better and achieve growth

A Level Psychology (18 decks)

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