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A Level Psychology > Humanistic approach > Flashcards

Humanistic approach Flashcards

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1
Q

Humanistic psychology focuses on which aspect of a person

A

The person as a whole

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2
Q

What belief do humanistic psychologists have about people

A

People are inherently good and driven to achieve their full potential

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3
Q

What distinguishes humanistic psychology from other types of psychology

A

It focuses on the feelings of the individual and treats everyone as unique

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4
Q

What approach does humanistic psychology use when studying individuals

A

An idiographic approach

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5
Q

What does humanistic psychology assume about human behaviour

A

It is caused by subjective feelings and self-concept

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6
Q

Which approaches does humanistic psychology disagree with

A

Strictly deterministic approaches that assume behaviour is determined by free will

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7
Q

What is the belief about people choosing their behaviour in humanistic psychology

A

People can choose how to behave

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8
Q

What motivates people according to humanistic psychology

A

The need to use their own free will to reach their fullest potential

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9
Q

What did Maslow develop to explain motivation

A

A hierarchy of needs

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10
Q

Which level of Maslow’s hierarchy focuses on food and shelter

A

Physiological needs

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11
Q

What are safety needs according to Maslow

A

The need to feel safe physically psychologically and economically

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12
Q

Which level of Maslow’s hierarchy includes acceptance and belonging

A

Need for love and belonging

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13
Q

What needs are focused on achievement and gaining respect

A

Esteem needs

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14
Q

At which level do people realize their full potential

A

Self-actualisation

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15
Q

What is self-actualisation according to Maslow

A

Reaching your fullest potential and becoming the best you are capable of being

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16
Q

What are the characteristics of self-actualised people

A

Self-awareness acceptance of others creativity dealing with uncertainty

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17
Q

What are peak experiences in Maslow’s theory

A

Times when people feel wonder and euphoria towards the world

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18
Q

Why is there limited evidence for Maslow’s hierarchy

A

It is supported by biographical evidence rather than research

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19
Q

What did Aronoff’s study of job demands find

A

People in more challenging roles were more self-actualised

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20
Q

What did Aronoff’s study suggest about satisfying lower needs

A

People cannot reach higher levels until lower needs are satisfied

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21
Q

How did Rogers’ view of self-actualisation differ from Maslow’s

A

Rogers focused on thoughts and treatment by others

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22
Q

What does Rogers believe can block self-actualisation

A

Psychological problems from the environment

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23
Q

What does Rogers’ theory say about regard and approval

A

People need to feel approved of and shown love

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24
Q

What does Rogers mean by the ideal self

A

How people would like to see themselves

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25
Q

What are the two parts of the self according to Rogers

A

Self-concept and ideal self

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26
Q

What leads to psychological problems according to Rogers

A

Incongruence between self-concept and ideal self

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27
Q

What does unconditional positive regard lead to

A

A positive self-concept

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28
Q

What is a condition of worth

A

Approval given as a result of behaving in a certain way

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29
Q

What is person-centred therapy

A

Therapy focused on helping the client achieve their ideal self

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30
Q

What techniques does a therapist use in person-centred therapy

A

Empathy and repeating the client’s statements

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31
Q

What are the strengths of humanistic psychology

A

It is positive focuses on free will and treats people as individuals

32
Q

What research method is often used in humanistic psychology

A

Qualitative data

33
Q

What is a weakness of humanistic psychology

A

It lacks objectivity and is difficult to test scientifically

34
Q

Why is humanistic psychology not a scientific approach

A

It does not create general laws and lacks empirical evidence”What type of approach is humanistic psychology

35
Q

What research method is often used in humanistic psychology

A

Case studies

36
Q

Who developed person-centred therapy

A

Carl Rogers

37
Q

What is the aim of person-centred therapy

A

To reduce the gap between self-concept and the ideal self

38
Q

What three core conditions are essential in person-centred therapy

A

Empathy congruence unconditional positive regard

39
Q

What is the role of the therapist in person-centred therapy

A

To provide a supportive non-judgmental environment

40
Q

Why is person-centred therapy considered effective

A

It helps clients feel understood and valued

41
Q

What is a limitation of person-centred therapy

A

It may not be effective for severe mental health conditions

42
Q

What does congruence mean in Rogers’ theory

A

Consistency between self-concept and ideal self

43
Q

What does incongruence lead to according to Rogers

A

Low self-esteem and anxiety

44
Q

Which research supports Rogers’ concept of congruence

A

Positive correlation between congruence and psychological health

45
Q

What does Maslow’s hierarchy suggest about motivation

A

It is a series of stages based on different needs

46
Q

Why is Maslow’s hierarchy criticised

A

It may not apply to all cultures

47
Q

What is self-worth according to Rogers

A

The value we place on ourselves

48
Q

What happens when conditions of worth are imposed

A

People may develop incongruence

49
Q

What is a key feature of humanistic psychology

A

Focus on personal growth and fulfilment”What is the focus of humanistic psychology

50
Q

How do humanistic psychologists view people

A

As inherently good and driven to achieve their full potential

51
Q

How does humanistic psychology differ from other types of psychology

A

It focuses on the individual’s subjective feelings and experiences

52
Q

What type of approach does humanistic psychology use

A

Idiographic approach

53
Q

Why does humanistic psychology reject determinism

A

It believes behaviour is influenced by free will

54
Q

According to humanistic psychology what drives people to act

A

Their desire to achieve their fullest potential

55
Q

What are peak experiences according to Maslow

A

Times of wonder and euphoria associated with self-actualisation

56
Q

What does Maslow’s hierarchy of needs explain

A

How human needs are categorised and prioritised

57
Q

What is the highest level in Maslow’s hierarchy

A

Self-actualisation

58
Q

What is a characteristic of self-actualised people

A

A strong sense of self-awareness

59
Q

What is another characteristic of self-actualised people

A

A fully accepting view of themselves and others

60
Q

What is the third characteristic of self-actualised people

A

The ability to deal with uncertainty and the unknown

61
Q

What is the fourth characteristic of self-actualised people

A

A strong sense of creativity

62
Q

What did Maslow believe about people who achieve self-actualisation

A

They have peak experiences

63
Q

Who tested Maslow’s hierarchy of needs in a naturalistic environment

A

Aronoff 1967

64
Q

What group did Aronoff compare in his study

A

Cane cutters and fishermen

65
Q

What did Aronoff conclude about Maslow’s hierarchy

A

Higher needs are not pursued until lower needs are satisfied

66
Q

What did Rogers believe about the path to self-actualisation

A

It depends on thoughts and treatment by others

67
Q

What are the two parts of the self according to Rogers

A

Self-concept and ideal self

68
Q

What is unconditional positive regard

A

Acceptance and support regardless of behaviour

69
Q

What happens if people do not experience unconditional positive regard

A

They may develop incongruence

70
Q

What did Rogers develop from his ideas

A

Person-centred therapy

71
Q

How does person-centred therapy work

A

By helping clients achieve congruence between self-concept and ideal self

72
Q

What is the therapist’s job in person-centred therapy

A

To help clients become aware of their thoughts actions and behaviours

73
Q

What is a key strength of humanistic psychology

A

It treats people as individuals and focuses on free will

74
Q

What is a weakness of humanistic psychology

A

It lacks objectivity and is difficult to test scientifically

75
Q

What is another weakness of humanistic psychology

A

It doesn’t create generalised laws making it less scientific

76
Q

Why is the humanistic approach considered positive

A

It states people strive to be better and achieve growth

A Level Psychology (19 decks)

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