Humanistic approach Flashcards
Humanistic psychology focuses on which aspect of a person
The person as a whole
What belief do humanistic psychologists have about people
People are inherently good and driven to achieve their full potential
What distinguishes humanistic psychology from other types of psychology
It focuses on the feelings of the individual and treats everyone as unique
What approach does humanistic psychology use when studying individuals
An idiographic approach
What does humanistic psychology assume about human behaviour
It is caused by subjective feelings and self-concept
Which approaches does humanistic psychology disagree with
Strictly deterministic approaches that assume behaviour is determined by free will
What is the belief about people choosing their behaviour in humanistic psychology
People can choose how to behave
What motivates people according to humanistic psychology
The need to use their own free will to reach their fullest potential
What did Maslow develop to explain motivation
A hierarchy of needs
Which level of Maslow’s hierarchy focuses on food and shelter
Physiological needs
What are safety needs according to Maslow
The need to feel safe physically psychologically and economically
Which level of Maslow’s hierarchy includes acceptance and belonging
Need for love and belonging
What needs are focused on achievement and gaining respect
Esteem needs
At which level do people realize their full potential
Self-actualisation
What is self-actualisation according to Maslow
Reaching your fullest potential and becoming the best you are capable of being
What are the characteristics of self-actualised people
Self-awareness acceptance of others creativity dealing with uncertainty
What are peak experiences in Maslow’s theory
Times when people feel wonder and euphoria towards the world
Why is there limited evidence for Maslow’s hierarchy
It is supported by biographical evidence rather than research
What did Aronoff’s study of job demands find
People in more challenging roles were more self-actualised
What did Aronoff’s study suggest about satisfying lower needs
People cannot reach higher levels until lower needs are satisfied
How did Rogers’ view of self-actualisation differ from Maslow’s
Rogers focused on thoughts and treatment by others
What does Rogers believe can block self-actualisation
Psychological problems from the environment
What does Rogers’ theory say about regard and approval
People need to feel approved of and shown love
What does Rogers mean by the ideal self
How people would like to see themselves
What are the two parts of the self according to Rogers
Self-concept and ideal self
What leads to psychological problems according to Rogers
Incongruence between self-concept and ideal self
What does unconditional positive regard lead to
A positive self-concept
What is a condition of worth
Approval given as a result of behaving in a certain way
What is person-centred therapy
Therapy focused on helping the client achieve their ideal self
What techniques does a therapist use in person-centred therapy
Empathy and repeating the client’s statements
What are the strengths of humanistic psychology
It is positive focuses on free will and treats people as individuals
What research method is often used in humanistic psychology
Qualitative data
What is a weakness of humanistic psychology
It lacks objectivity and is difficult to test scientifically
Why is humanistic psychology not a scientific approach
It does not create general laws and lacks empirical evidence”What type of approach is humanistic psychology
What research method is often used in humanistic psychology
Case studies
Who developed person-centred therapy
Carl Rogers
What is the aim of person-centred therapy
To reduce the gap between self-concept and the ideal self
What three core conditions are essential in person-centred therapy
Empathy congruence unconditional positive regard
What is the role of the therapist in person-centred therapy
To provide a supportive non-judgmental environment
Why is person-centred therapy considered effective
It helps clients feel understood and valued
What is a limitation of person-centred therapy
It may not be effective for severe mental health conditions
What does congruence mean in Rogers’ theory
Consistency between self-concept and ideal self
What does incongruence lead to according to Rogers
Low self-esteem and anxiety
Which research supports Rogers’ concept of congruence
Positive correlation between congruence and psychological health
What does Maslow’s hierarchy suggest about motivation
It is a series of stages based on different needs
Why is Maslow’s hierarchy criticised
It may not apply to all cultures
What is self-worth according to Rogers
The value we place on ourselves
What happens when conditions of worth are imposed
People may develop incongruence
What is a key feature of humanistic psychology
Focus on personal growth and fulfilment”What is the focus of humanistic psychology
How do humanistic psychologists view people
As inherently good and driven to achieve their full potential
How does humanistic psychology differ from other types of psychology
It focuses on the individual’s subjective feelings and experiences
What type of approach does humanistic psychology use
Idiographic approach
Why does humanistic psychology reject determinism
It believes behaviour is influenced by free will
According to humanistic psychology what drives people to act
Their desire to achieve their fullest potential
What are peak experiences according to Maslow
Times of wonder and euphoria associated with self-actualisation
What does Maslow’s hierarchy of needs explain
How human needs are categorised and prioritised
What is the highest level in Maslow’s hierarchy
Self-actualisation
What is a characteristic of self-actualised people
A strong sense of self-awareness
What is another characteristic of self-actualised people
A fully accepting view of themselves and others
What is the third characteristic of self-actualised people
The ability to deal with uncertainty and the unknown
What is the fourth characteristic of self-actualised people
A strong sense of creativity
What did Maslow believe about people who achieve self-actualisation
They have peak experiences
Who tested Maslow’s hierarchy of needs in a naturalistic environment
Aronoff 1967
What group did Aronoff compare in his study
Cane cutters and fishermen
What did Aronoff conclude about Maslow’s hierarchy
Higher needs are not pursued until lower needs are satisfied
What did Rogers believe about the path to self-actualisation
It depends on thoughts and treatment by others
What are the two parts of the self according to Rogers
Self-concept and ideal self
What is unconditional positive regard
Acceptance and support regardless of behaviour
What happens if people do not experience unconditional positive regard
They may develop incongruence
What did Rogers develop from his ideas
Person-centred therapy
How does person-centred therapy work
By helping clients achieve congruence between self-concept and ideal self
What is the therapist’s job in person-centred therapy
To help clients become aware of their thoughts actions and behaviours
What is a key strength of humanistic psychology
It treats people as individuals and focuses on free will
What is a weakness of humanistic psychology
It lacks objectivity and is difficult to test scientifically
What is another weakness of humanistic psychology
It doesn’t create generalised laws making it less scientific
Why is the humanistic approach considered positive
It states people strive to be better and achieve growth
