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Clinical Laboratory Science > The Clinical Laboratory > Flashcards

The Clinical Laboratory Flashcards

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1
Q

What does a clinical lab do?

A

Performs microscopic tests on body fluids and specimen

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2
Q

What is Clinical Lab Improvement Amendment (CLIA ‘88)

A

Specifies minimum performance standrads for quality lab testing

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3
Q

What is Centers for Medicare and Medlaid Services (CMS)

A

Implement rules from CLIA to all labs and need a certificate from this service to operate. Example: You need a waived test certificate to do wavied tests

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4
Q

What is a Provider-Performed Microscopy Procedure

A

Certificate under CMS to perform microscopy procedures

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5
Q

What is the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS)

A

Oversees public healthcare matters; used ot be known as Healthcare Finanacing Admin (HCFA)

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6
Q

What are Physician Office Laboratories (POL)

A

Labs in a physician’s office; perfoms various kinds of tests and makes up more than 50% of labs

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7
Q

What is Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

A

Protection of personal info of patient

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8
Q

How does HIPAA affect healthcare workers?

A

Limits certain infomation that can be told to some doctors

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9
Q

What are reference laboratories

A

Labs that are privitaly owned; regional; high amount of tests dones; Large hospitals use them to perofrm hard tests and smaller ones use them to perform all tests

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10
Q

What are Government Labs (Federal)

A

Main lab for public health system

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11
Q

What is the laboratory response network (LRN)

A

CDC coordinates this; LRN makes sure labs are equipped to respond well to threats to public health

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12
Q

What are Government Labs (State)

A

Labs operated by state’s deparmtnet of public helath. Perform tests based on state standreds. They do more unique testing like culture of fungi

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13
Q

What are the 5 CLIA certificate categories

A
  1. Certificate of Waiver - can do a waiver test
  2. Certificate of PPMP (provider-performed microscopy procedure) - can do microscopy procedures
  3. Registration certificate - Grants approval for tesint procedures
  4. Certificate for complience - Lab listens to rules
  5. Certificate of Accreditation - Means they have met best quality standred for testing
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14
Q

What are some jobs in clinical lab?

A
  1. Laboratory Director
  2. Technical Supervisor & Laboratory Manager
  3. General Supervisor and Department Head
  4. Testing Personnel
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15
Q

What is Laboratory Director?

A

Oversees Anatomical Pathology (has Autopsy service, cytology and histology) and Clinical Pathology

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16
Q

What is Technical Supervisor & Laboratory Manager?

A

Trains people, and operates lab. Provides up-to-date instructions for procedures (AKA: Standread OPerating Procedure SOP mannual)

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17
Q

What is General Supervisor and Department Head

A

Evaluates quality and performance of work

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18
Q

What is Testing personnel

A

Performs lab analysis

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19
Q

What are the departmetns of Clinical Lab?

A
  1. Hematology
  2. Immunology
  3. Blood bank/ Transfusion services or Immunohemetology
  4. Microbiology (Bacteriology, Parasitology and Virology and Mycology)
  5. Clinical Chemistry
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20
Q

What is Hematology

A

Sutdy of cellular parts of blood

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21
Q

What are some tests done in Hematology department

A

Quantitative: # of cells in blood
Qualitative: Size/shape/maturity of cell

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22
Q

What are some tests done in Immunology department

A

Pregnancy, sexual transmmission virus and autoimmune diseases

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23
Q

What is Blood bank/ Transfusion services or Immunohemetology

A

Helps with blood trnasfusions

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24
Q

What are some tests done in Blood bank deparmtneet

A

N/A, but they help find your ABO group and Ph type

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25
Q

What is Microbiology

A

Making and finding microorganisms

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26
Q

Wht are the subdeparmtents of Microbiology

A

Bacteriology - Growing bacterai to identify treatment
Virology - Study of virus
Mycology - Study of fungi
Parasitology - Study of living organisms in your body that live off of you

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27
Q

What are some tests done in Microbiology

A

Seperating bacteria from human fluid
Culture of fungi and bacteria
To see if there’s any parasite antigens in feces

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28
Q

What is Clinical Chemistry

A

Focuses on qualitative tests

29
Q

What are some tests done in Clinical Chemistry

A

Tests on plasma, serum, urine and bodily fluids

30
Q

What are Laboratory Support Services

A

A lab request form taht must be filled out before testing begains

31
Q

What are Phlebotomists?

A

People taht collect blood specimen

32
Q

What are advantages of lab infomation systems?

A

● Elimination of charting errors
● Improved efficiency
● Automatic identification of abnormal or unusual test results
● Matching of patient specimens to test results
● Prevention of unauthorized testing and reporting

33
Q

What is Lab Inform system?

A

Speciment labeled will have a bar code that links it to a patient with a wristband

34
Q

What is proficiency testing?

A

Tests to see how good a laboratory performs with moderate-high complexity tests

35
Q

How do Labs become accredited?

A

Invite an accrediting agency to determine if standrads are being meant

36
Q

American Association
of Blood Banks (AABB)

A

Sets blood bank stnadreds and promotes high stnadreds of performance in transfusion medicine

37
Q

anticoagulant

A

Substancee & chemicals that prevents blood coagulation

38
Q

bacteriology

A

Study of bacteria

39
Q

blood bank

A

Department of clinical science or fridge that stores the blood

40
Q

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

A

Central lab for national public health system

41
Q

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS)

A

The agency that is responsible for implementing CLIA (is in the Department Health and Human Services)

42
Q

Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)

A

NPO that sets standards and practices for best practice for clinical labs

43
Q

Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 (CLIA ’88)

A

Federal act that specific minimum performance standards for clinical labs

44
Q

coagulation

A

liquid state to semi solid state forming a blood clot

45
Q

College of American Pathologists (CAP)

A

offers accreditation for labs

46
Q

COLA

A

Offers accreditation for healthcare facilities

47
Q

Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS)

A

Government agency that oversees public healthcare matters

48
Q

electronic health record (EHR)

A

Portable electronic patient health record

49
Q

electronic medical record (EMR)

A

digital chart where people receive treatment

50
Q

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

A

Division of Department of Health and Human Services that protects public health by double checking the safety of food, drugs, cosmetics, biological products and

51
Q

Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA)

A

Old name for Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services

52
Q

hematology

A

the study of blood and the blood-forming tissues

53
Q

HIPAA

A

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 -> protect the healthcare info of patient

54
Q

immunohematology

A

sutdy of human blood groups

55
Q

immunology

A

Study of immune processes and immunity

56
Q

Joint Commission (JC)

A

Accredits hosptials and large healthcare facilities

57
Q

Laboratory Response Network (LRN)

A

Public/priviate labs creaated by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention witht the ability to do rapid testing

58
Q

microbiology

A

Branch in biology that studies microbes

58
Q

mycology

A

study of fungi

59
Q

National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS)

A

Old name for Clinical Lab Standrads INstitute

60
Q

pathologist

A

Physician trained in the nature and cause of disease

61
Q

phlebotomist

A

Healthcare worker trained in blood collection

62
Q

physician office laboratory (POL)

A

lab located in a physicians office, group practice or clinic

63
Q

plasma

A

where blood cells are suspended; liquid part of blood

64
Q

point-of-care testing (POCT)

A

testing outside tradtional lab setting

65
Q

proficiency testing (PT)

A

A programs where they test labs accurancy when testing specimen; evaltuated at regular intervals; compared to perofmance of similar labs

66
Q

Provider-Performed Microscopy Procedure (PPMP)

A

Certificate category in CLIA ‘88 that allows labs to perform certains tests depending on how high the certificate is

67
Q

quality assessment (QA)

A

program that monitors testing process to provide highest quality care

68
Q

reference laboratory

A

independant regional lab that offers special testing services to hosptials and physicians

Clinical Laboratory Science (8 decks)

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