The Circulatory System

Question 1

What side of the heart has deoxygenated blood?

Answer 1

Right

Question 2

What side of the heart has oxygenated blood?

Answer 2

Left

Question 3

How does blood travel through the right side of the heart?

Answer 3

The blood enters the right atrium through the vena cava, passes into the right ventricle through the tricuspid valve and then into the lungs through the pulmonary valve and pulmonary artery

Question 4

How does blood travel through the left side of the heart?

Answer 4

The blood enters the left atrium through the pulmonary vein, passes into the left ventricle through the mitral valve and then leaves through the aortic valve and aorta.

Question 5

What is the difference between the veins and arteries in the heart compared to the rest of the body?

Answer 5

In the body, arteries carry oxygenated blood and veins carry deoxygenated blood, however in the heart the pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood and the pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blod.

Question 6

What is the heart’s use?

Answer 6

It pumps oxygenated blood from the lungs to body tissue cells and collects deoxygenated blood from the body and transports it to the lungs.

Question 7

Where is the heart situated?

Answer 7

In the thorax (the chest)

Question 8

How does deoxygenated blood from the body enter the heart?

Answer 8

Through the inferior vena cava from the body and superior vena cava from the head, neck and arms

Question 9

What are the 4 main components of blood?

Answer 9

Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and plasma

Question 10

What is haemoglobin and where is it found?

Answer 10

It is a chemical which helps to transport oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body and is found in red blood cells

Question 10

What is haemoglobin and where is it found?

Answer 10

It is a chemical which helps to transport oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body and is found in red blood cells

Question 11

What is anaemia and sickle cell anaemia?

Answer 11

Anaemia is when there is a deficiency of haemoglobin. Sickle cell anaemia is when there is a chemical or genetic abnormality in the haemoglobin which pushes the red blood cells into a sickle shape.

Question 12

What is leukaemia?

Answer 12

Cancer of the white blood cells

Question 13

What are platelets responsible for?

Answer 13

The clotting mechanism of blood

Question 14

What is haemophilia?

Answer 14

A hereditary blood disorder which causes a lack of platelets, leading to heavier bleeding of smaller wounds

Question 15

How is blood pressure measured?

Answer 15

It is measured by a sphygmomanometer, in millimeters of mercury

Question 16

What is the systolic number of blood pressure?

Answer 16

The top number - which is the pressure as the blood leaves the heart - should be 120

Question 17

What is the diastolic number of blood pressure?

Answer 17

The lower number - which is the pressure as the blood enters the heart - should be 80

Question 18

What happens if the systolic number is too high?

Answer 18

The aorta is under too much pressure and may burst, causing an aneurism.

Question 19

What can high blood pressure lead to?

Answer 19

Heart attacks, strokes, over weight, consuming a high salt diet

Question 20

What happens to arteries as they move further away from the heart and why?

Answer 20

They decrease in size, turning into arterioles and then into capillaries as they branch off to provide blood to more parts of the body

Question 21

What is the circulatory system?

Answer 21

It is an organ system responsible for supplying the body with oxygen and carries waste products away

Question 22

What do valves do?

Answer 22

They open to allow blood to travel through but prevent blood from passing backwards

Question 23

What is the main artery providing oxygenated blood to the head and neck?

Answer 23

The carotid artery

Question 24

What valve separates the left atrium and ventricle?

Answer 24

Mitral valve

Question 25

What valve separates the left atrium and ventricle?

Answer 25

Mitral valve

Question 26

What valve separates the right atrium and ventricle?

Answer 26

Tricuspid valve

Question 27

What takes deoxygenated blood to the lungs?

Answer 27

Pulmonary artery

Question 28

What takes oxygenated blood to the heart?

Answer 28

Pulmonary veins

Question 29

How does the circulatory system affect dental work?

Answer 29

can affect the suitability of local anaesthetics, problems with the system may lead to a medical emergency, blood disordered can lead to an uncontrolled haemorrhage