The Circulatory System Flashcards
What side of the heart has deoxygenated blood?
Right
What side of the heart has oxygenated blood?
Left
How does blood travel through the right side of the heart?
The blood enters the right atrium through the vena cava, passes into the right ventricle through the tricuspid valve and then into the lungs through the pulmonary valve and pulmonary artery
How does blood travel through the left side of the heart?
The blood enters the left atrium through the pulmonary vein, passes into the left ventricle through the mitral valve and then leaves through the aortic valve and aorta.
What is the difference between the veins and arteries in the heart compared to the rest of the body?
In the body, arteries carry oxygenated blood and veins carry deoxygenated blood, however in the heart the pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood and the pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blod.
What is the heart’s use?
It pumps oxygenated blood from the lungs to body tissue cells and collects deoxygenated blood from the body and transports it to the lungs.
Where is the heart situated?
In the thorax (the chest)
How does deoxygenated blood from the body enter the heart?
Through the inferior vena cava from the body and superior vena cava from the head, neck and arms
What are the 4 main components of blood?
Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and plasma
What is haemoglobin and where is it found?
It is a chemical which helps to transport oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body and is found in red blood cells
What is haemoglobin and where is it found?
It is a chemical which helps to transport oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body and is found in red blood cells
What is anaemia and sickle cell anaemia?
Anaemia is when there is a deficiency of haemoglobin. Sickle cell anaemia is when there is a chemical or genetic abnormality in the haemoglobin which pushes the red blood cells into a sickle shape.
What is leukaemia?
Cancer of the white blood cells
What are platelets responsible for?
The clotting mechanism of blood
What is haemophilia?
A hereditary blood disorder which causes a lack of platelets, leading to heavier bleeding of smaller wounds
How is blood pressure measured?
It is measured by a sphygmomanometer, in millimeters of mercury
What is the systolic number of blood pressure?
The top number - which is the pressure as the blood leaves the heart - should be 120
What is the diastolic number of blood pressure?
The lower number - which is the pressure as the blood enters the heart - should be 80
What happens if the systolic number is too high?
The aorta is under too much pressure and may burst, causing an aneurism.
What can high blood pressure lead to?
Heart attacks, strokes, over weight, consuming a high salt diet
What happens to arteries as they move further away from the heart and why?
They decrease in size, turning into arterioles and then into capillaries as they branch off to provide blood to more parts of the body
What is the circulatory system?
It is an organ system responsible for supplying the body with oxygen and carries waste products away
What do valves do?
They open to allow blood to travel through but prevent blood from passing backwards
What is the main artery providing oxygenated blood to the head and neck?
The carotid artery
What valve separates the left atrium and ventricle?
Mitral valve
What valve separates the left atrium and ventricle?
Mitral valve
What valve separates the right atrium and ventricle?
Tricuspid valve
What takes deoxygenated blood to the lungs?
Pulmonary artery
What takes oxygenated blood to the heart?
Pulmonary veins
How does the circulatory system affect dental work?
can affect the suitability of local anaesthetics, problems with the system may lead to a medical emergency, blood disordered can lead to an uncontrolled haemorrhage
