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Dental Nursing > Cross Infection and Microbiology > Flashcards

Cross Infection and Microbiology Flashcards

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1
Q

What is direct cross infection?

A

Direct contact with a contaminated person (sneezing, physical contact)

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2
Q

What is indirect cross infection?

A

Not having direct contact with the person (contaminated instruments)

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3
Q

What is disinfection?

A

Destruction of most microorganisms, but not spores and certain viruses

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4
Q

Advantages of disinfection

A

Useful for work surfaces and other non-sterilisable items

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5
Q

Disadvantages of disinfection

A

Doesn’t achieve sterilisaton and the products often do not have a long shelf life

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6
Q

What is sodium hypochlorite used for?

A

On non-metal surfaces as it can corrode metal or cause staining on materials

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7
Q

What is chlorhexidine gluconate used for?

A

Used in hibiscrub hand wash and corsodyl mouthwash

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8
Q

What is isopropyl alcohol used for?

A

For dental chairs, work surface and general disinfection

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9
Q

Why can isopropyl alcohol not be used as an instrument cleaner?

A

It can bind blood proteins to steel

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10
Q

What is sterilisation?

A

The destruction of all microorganisms including spores

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11
Q

How can sterilisation be achieved?

A

Using an autoclave, hot air oven, glass bead sterilisation or industrial sterilisation

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12
Q

How does an autoclave work?

A

Steam from distilled water is put under pressure

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13
Q

What are the hold values for an autoclave?

A

2-3 bar of pressure for a minimum of 3 minutes at 134 degrees ceclius.

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14
Q

What is an N type autoclave?

A

Non-vacuum

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15
Q

What is an S type autoclave?

A

Specialist autoclave

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16
Q

What is a B type autoclave?

A

Vacuum

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17
Q

When would glass bead sterilisation be used?

A

For endodontic files between stages on the same patient.

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18
Q

What type of radiation is used for industrial sterilisation?

A

Gamma radiation

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19
Q

What is industrial sterilisation used for?

A

Sterilising single use items.

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20
Q

What is the best method of cross infection prevention?

A

Single use items

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21
Q

Why does water supplied to the surgery need to have air gap?

A

To prevent back flow to the mains

22
Q

What is used to clean a bodily fluid spillage?

A

1% fresh sodium hypochlorite solution with warm water

23
Q

What vaccinations should you have?

A

Hepatitis B, tetanus and all childhood diseases (measles, mumps, rubella, polio)

24
Q

What is the yellow mop used for?

A

Clinical areas

25
Q

What is the red mop used for?

A

Toilets

26
Q

What is the green mop used for?

A

Kitchen

27
Q

What is the blue mop used for?

A

Offices/waiting areas

28
Q

What is pathology?

A

The study of disease and its effects on body tissues

29
Q

How can infections enter the body?

A

Through cuts/abrasions in the skin, eyes, inhalation and swallowing

30
Q

What is the body’s first stage of defense?

A

Skin or mucus membranes such as in the mouth and nose

31
Q

What is the body’s second stage of defense?

A

Secretions such as saliva, tears and sweat

32
Q

What is the body’s third stage of defense?

A

Through immunity.

33
Q

What is acquired immunity?

A

Life long protection, usually from a prior exposure to the infection or a vaccination

34
Q

What is natural immunity?

A

Where the body has a natural resistance to a disease

35
Q

What is passive immunity?

A

Passed from the mother to the baby during pregnancy

36
Q

What are the five signs on inflammation?

A

Swelling, redness, heat, pain and loss of function

37
Q

What are the four groups of microorgansisms?

A

Fungi, virus, bacteria and protozoa

38
Q

What does pathogenic mean?

A

They can cause disease

39
Q

What does non-pathogenic mean?

A

They cannot cause disease

40
Q

How does fungi spread in the body?

A

Grows across outer body cells and tissues

41
Q

What are hyphae?

A

When the fungal networks branch out

42
Q

What fungi is of importance in dentistry and what infections can it cause?

A

Candida albicans, causing denture stomatitis and angular chelitis

43
Q

What are aerobic bacteria?

A

Thrive in oxygen rich environments

44
Q

What are anaerobic bacteria?

A

Prefer low oxygen environments

45
Q

What are the four types of bacteria?

A

Bacilli (rod shaped with pointed ends), cocci (round), spirochetes (spiral) and endospores

46
Q

What are spores?

A

When conditions aren’t favorable for the bacteria, sometimes they can create a protective shell and become dormant. When conditions become favorable again, they can resume normally.

47
Q

How do viruses exist?

A

As protein capsules

48
Q

What is a prion?

A

An infectious agent composed of protein. They affect the brain and nervous system.

49
Q

What disease can a prion cause that is relevant to dentistry?

A

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, this is untreatable and fatal.

50
Q

What is the standard PPE used for?

A

Mask - prevent aerosol inhalation
Gloves - prevents microorganisms entering through cuts
Eye protection - prevents microorganisms entering through the eyes

Dental Nursing (16 decks)

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