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Module 5 > The Child With Respiratory Dysfunction > Flashcards

The Child With Respiratory Dysfunction Flashcards

1
Q

what are signs and symptoms associated with respiratory tract infections

A 
fever
poor feeding/anorexia
V/D
abdominal pain
HA/neck stiffness
nasal blockage
nasal discharge
cough
respiratory sounds
sore throat
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2
Q

what are early signs of respiratory complications

A 
earache
RR > 50-60/min
fever> 101
persistent cough for 2 days or more
wheezing
crying
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3
Q

what does the tripod position do

A

makes it easier to suck in air and its using the strap muscles in the neck

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4
Q

what are clinical manifestations of acute pharyngitis

A 
abrupt onset
HA
Fever
Abd pain
mild to severe throat pain
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5
Q

if child tests positive for strep how long will they be on antibiotics and when is the child NOT considered infectious

A

10 days and is NOT contagious after 24 hrs of them being on abx (change toothbrush at this time)

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6
Q

what are s/s of tonsillitis

A 
sore throat
dysphagia
mouth odor
mouth breathing
snoring
nasal qualities in voice
fever
inflamed tonsils
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7
Q

if the tonsillitis is bacterial how will it be treated

A

with antibiotics

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8
Q

why is it best to wait until age 3-4to have sx for tonsillitis

A

if the pharyngeal and palentine tonsils are removed before this age then the other 2 tonsils will try to grow and get larger to over compensate for the others that were taken out. there is also a risk of blood loss because it is a very vascular procedure

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9
Q

after tonsillectomy is it normal to see white membrane covering operative site?

A

yes

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10
Q

post op of a tonsillectomy what should you check

A

airway and bleeding

position them semi or high fowlers to drain well

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11
Q

what diet should the tonsillectomy pt be on post op

A

clear liquids after return of gag reflex, advance to soft diet
NO spicy foods
avoid red colored liquids, citrus juice, and milk based foods initially

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12
Q

what is the risk for hemorrhage in tonsillectomy

A

up to 10 days after sx (can resume normal activities in 1-2 weeks)

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13
Q

fluid and inflammation of the middle ear (bacteria gets trapped in the ear)

A

otitis media

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14
Q

what typically causes otitis media

A

RSV and influenza

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15
Q

s/s of acute OM

A 
recent URI/cold
fever
earache
discharge
crying, fussy
rub or pull ear
rolling head side side
loss of appetite
V/D
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16
Q

feeling of fullness in ear
popping sensation when swallowing
hearing loss
difficulty communicating

A

Otitis media with effusion

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17
Q

what are croup syndrome characteristics

A

hoarseness
“barking” or “brassy” cough
inspiratory stridor
resp distress

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18
Q

what is acute epiglottitis

A

serious obstructive, inflammatory process that is a medical emergency

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19
Q

“was just fine when he went to bed”
presence of drooling
absence of spontaneous cough

A

acute epiglottitis

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20
Q

what will you see on an acute epiglottitis x ray

A

thumb sign

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21
Q

what is important when managing acute epiglottitis

A

protection of airway
NO tongue blade
droplet isolation for at least 24hrs after abx

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22
Q

most common croup syndrome and is preceded by URI

A

laryngotracheobronchitis

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23
Q

“seal like” cough in the middle of the night

and symptoms always worse at night

A

laryngotracheobronchitis

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24
Q

is croup contagious

A

yes lasts about 2-3 days

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25
Q

what is the therapeutic mngmt of laryngotracheobronchitis

A

cool mist vapor, ride in car with windows down, hydrate, corticosteroids, pulse oximeter

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26
Q

what is different about spasmodic laryngitis compared to laryngotracheobronchitis

A

not fever involved
usually subsides and feels better in the morning
reoccur through out year

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27
Q

infection of the mucosa of the upper trachea

A

bacterial tracheitis

28
Q

what causes respiratory distress in bacterial tracheitis

A

thick, PURULENT secretions

29
Q

the CM of bacterial tracheitis are similar to _____ except ________ to ____ therapy

A

LTB; unresponsive; LTB

30
Q

what is considered the “reactive” portion of the respiratory tract

A

lower airway

31
Q

chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways

A

asthma

32
Q

what are the classic signs of asthma

A

dyspnea
wheezing
cough

33
Q

what is the most accurate way to dx asthma

A

pulmonary function testing

34
Q

what would a child with asthmas HR and RR be

A

high and increased

35
Q

long term asthma meds ….

A

prevent asthma exacerbations

36
Q

rescue asthma meds….

A

are quick acting and help treat symptoms in any asthma exacerbation

37
Q

what are first line therapy for kids who have asthma

A

corticosteroids (kids older than 5)

use spacer with INHALED corticosteroid to prevent thrush

38
Q

what long term asthma med can NOT be given by itself it has to be given with corticosteroid

A

LABAs

39
Q

what happens if a child with asthma is not responding to other types of maximum therapy?

A

they are put on methylxanthines

narrow therapeutic range so watch theo levels

40
Q

what is important to know about quick relief asthma med- systemic corticosteroid

A

that the dose needs to be tapered down

41
Q

long term use of corticosteroids can cause

A

immune system to be lowered

42
Q

what are signs of SEVERE respiratory distress

A

refuses to lie down and remains sitting upright
sudden agitation
agitated then suddenly becomes quiet
sweating

43
Q

for exercise induced bronchospasm what tx should be given

A

prophylactic with cromolyn or SABA

44
Q

what is the first line therapy for status asthmaticus

A

SABAs

45
Q

what is a peak flow meter and how is it used

A

measures how much oxygen they exhale in one second
the child should take a deep breath and forcefully exhale
take highest measurement of the 3 times

46
Q

peak flow meter green

A

80-100% (mild)

47
Q

peak flow meter yellow

A

50-79% (moderate)

48
Q

peak flow meter red

A

<50% (severe)

49
Q

recue med comes _____ to corticosteroid inhaler

A

before (15 minutes before)

50
Q

viral inflammation and edema at the level of the bronchioles

A

respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

51
Q

what isolation will the RSV pt be on

A

droplet and contact

52
Q

what is used in high risk infants for prevention of RSV

A

palivizumab

53
Q

breath in the organism and implants in the respiratory tract
-rarely contagious in children less than 12
cough may or may not be present

A

TB

54
Q

what is the gold standard for TB

A

sputum culture

55
Q

an induration of greater than or equal to 15 is ______ for TB in children older than 5

A

positive

56
Q

condition characterized by exocrine gland (mucous producing) gland that produces multi system involvemnet

A

cystic fibrosis (some kids don’t exhibit symptoms until 2 years later)

57
Q

in CF both parents must carry the….

A

trait (autosomal recessive)

58
Q

in CF the chloride, sodium and water stay ______ the cell and the mucous on the outside is ______ because it is not being _____ out by the water

A

inside; thicker; thinned

59
Q

in CF what is the biggest thing we will see in the sweat

A

chloride

60
Q

what are predominantly affected by CF

A

respiratory tract and pancreas because the thick, sticky mucous accumulates, dilates and clogs glands and ducts

61
Q

what are CM of CF

A 
frothy, greasy stool
thin arms and legs
distended abd
chronic cough
barrel shaped chest
skin has salty taste
dehydration
62
Q

what test rules out CF

A

sweat test (60 mEq/L in children older than 3 months)

63
Q

what is the tx for CF

A

pancreatic enzymes
vit ADEK
well balanced, high protein and cal diet
lax or stool softeners

64
Q

when should pancreatic enzymes be admin

A

within 30 min of meals and can be swallowed or sprinkled

65
Q

what is the prognosis of CF

A

progressive and INCURABLE

Module 5 (18 decks)

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