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Module 5 > Musculoskeletal Dysfunction > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal Dysfunction Flashcards

1
Q

what is the assessment for musculoskeletal problems

A

hx
6p’s
skin

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2
Q

what are the 6 p’s

A

pain, pallor, pulselessness, paresthesia, paralysis, pressure

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3
Q

damage to the soft tissue, subcutaneous structures, and muscle

A

contusion

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4
Q

what is a sprain

A

partial tear of ligament

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5
Q

what is a strain

A

partial tear of a tendon/muscle

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6
Q

what is the tx for sprains and strains

A

RICE

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7
Q

compression of nerves, blood vessels, and muscle inside a confined place

A

compartment syndrome

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8
Q

what are the causes of compartment syndrome

A

tight dressing, cast, hemorrhage, burns, surgery, massive IV infiltration

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9
Q

compartment syndrome is a neurovascular _____ and can possibly _____ a limb

A

emergency; lose

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10
Q

what are CM of fractures

A 
generalized swelling
pain or tenderness
deformity or muscle splinting
diminished functional use
exxhymosis
muscle regidity
crepitus
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11
Q

bone is bent but not broken *may bend up to 45 degrees

A

plastic deformations (bend)

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12
Q

once side of the bone buckles (compresses upon itself *appears as raised or bulging projection at site of fracture

A

buckle (torus)

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13
Q

bone cracks but does not break all the way through *incomplete fracture not all the way through

A

greenstick

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14
Q

occurs from twisting motion *physically associated with physical abuse

A

spiral fracture

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15
Q

what are the areas of developing cartilage tissue near the ends of long bones and the weakest points of bones

A

growth plate (physics)

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16
Q

can lead to deformities and limb length discrepancies

A

growth plate fracture

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17
Q

what types of traction are there

A

skin
skeletal
halo

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18
Q

what is the purpose of traction

A

fatigue muscle to reduce spasms
realign bone
immobilize
prevent or improve deformity

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19
Q

infection within the bone

A

osteomyelitis

20
Q

what is the most common cause in osteomyelitis

A

staphylococcus aureus

21
Q

what are CM of osteomyelitis

A 
irritability
fever
tachycardia
edema
pain constant but increased with movement
decreased movement of area
warmth
22
Q

aseptic necrosis of the femoral head (no blood flow to the area)

A

legg- calve- perthes disease

23
Q

what is the definitive dx of legg-calve-perthes disease

A

MRI

24
Q

what are the symptoms of egg-calve-perthes

A

limp is more pronounced after activity

hip, thigh, knee pain

25
Q

what is the non-surgical containment of egg-calve-perthes

A

abduction brace, cast, harness sling

26
Q

complex deformity of the spine that also affects the ribs. characterized by lateral curvature of the spine and spinal rotation that causes rib asymmetry

A

scoliosis

27
Q

what would the back of a pt who has scoliosis look like

A

uneven shoulders and pelvic tilt

28
Q

what is the adams forward bend test

A

assess asymmetry of ribs and flanks in scoliosis

29
Q

what is the scoliometer

A

measures the angle of rotation in scoliosis

30
Q

what is the definitive dx of scoliosis

A

x-ray while child is standing

31
Q

what is the tx of scoliosis

A

curve less than 10 degrees= not worry about it just inform parents
curve of 25-45 degrees= bracing
curve more than 45 degrees= surgery

32
Q

what is the goal of bracing a scoliosis pt

A

to keep curve from progressing (won’t undo curvature of spine)

33
Q

what is important to inform pt and family post op of scoliosis surgery

A

log roll pt

34
Q

spectrum disorder r/t abnormal development of the hip that may occur at any time during fetal life, infancy, or childhood

A

development dysplasia of the hip

35
Q

what are CM of DDH in infants

A

positive galeazze sign
asymmetry of gluteal folds
positive Barlow test
positive Ortolani test

36
Q

what are CM of DDH in children

A

affected leg appears shorter
trendelenburg sigh
waddling gait
limp

37
Q

what is the tx for newborn to 6months for pt with DDH

A

pavlik harness
bryant traction
hip spica cast

38
Q

what is the tx for 6-24mos for pt with DDH

A

surgical closed reduction

spica cast or abduction brace

39
Q

complex deformity of the ankle and foot

A

clubfoot

40
Q

what is the tx for clubfoot

A

ponseti method

  • serial casting for 6-10 wks and weekly gentle manipulation and stretching of the foot
  • percutaneous heel cord tenotomy at end of casting
  • long leg casting for 3 wks
  • orthotic device
41
Q

characterized by excessive fractures and bone deformity

A

osteogenesis imperfecta

42
Q

what are CM of OI

A 
bone fragility
bone deformity
fractures
blue sclera
hearing loss
discolored teeth
43
Q

what is important to do when caring for OI pt

A

careful handling to prevent fx

lift by butt or support with pillows for diaper changes

44
Q

what is one lab finding that will differentiate OI from non accidental trauma

A

elevated serum alkaline phosphatase

45
Q

chronic inflammation of the synovium with joint effusion and eventual erosion, destruction and fibrosis of the articulate cartilage

A

juvenile idiopathic arthritis

46
Q

what is the dx of JIA

A

arthritis in one or more joints for 6 weeks or longer

*no definitive test, worse in the morning

Module 5 (18 decks)

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