Child and Adolescent Disorders Flashcards
a spectrum disorder that ranges from mild to severe
autism spectrum disorder
people with _______ are intellectually gifted and are known as ______. Excelling in certain areas of ________.
autism; “savants”; learning
what is the etiology of ASD
unknown but possible genetic link.
*NO link between MMR and vaccines
what are CM of ASD
deficits in social interactions, communication, and behavior
when should a child have hearing and speech evaluated
if they don’t demonstrate language skills (babbling or gesturing) by 12mos
if they don’t speak single words by 16mos
if they don’t speak 2 word phrases by 24mos
what other problems could children with ASD have
intellectual disability motor coordination problems ADHD sleep disturbances constipation (GI issues) seizure disorders
when should screening of ASD be
9mos
18mos
24-30mos
what are the 2 screening tools for ASD
modified checklist for Autism in Toddlers
the Ages and Stages Questionnaire
when is ASD diagnosed
often not until 2-3 years after symptoms are first recognized.
*Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule is the goal standard for dx ASD
what is the prognosis of ASD children
usually a severely disabling condition but some children improve with acquisition of language skills and communication with others. *some are independent but most require lifelong adult supervision
use of the movement of the horse as a strategy by therapists to address impairments, functional limitations, and disabilities in patients with neuromusculoskeletal dysfunction
hippotherapy
how is the therapy described as for ASD
highly STRUCTURED and INTENSIVE behavior modification program
when caring for these children with ASD what is important to remember
lessen environmental stimulation introduce child to new situations slowly assist with nutritional needs encourage age appropriate play and communication encourage support groups
what is a principle for behavior analysis
postive reinforcement
the use of these techniques and principles to bring about meaningful and positive change in behavior
applied behavior analysis (ABA)
what are a few calming activities for ASD
walk breaks jobs that involve lifting jumping on tramp stress ball velcro gum/lollipop brush weighted blanket
refers to developmentally inappropriate degrees of inattention, impulsiveness, and hyperactivity
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
what are people with ADHD at greater risk for
depression and anxiety disorder
developmental disorders
what is the etiology of ADHD
genetic and environmental
what is the diagnostic criteria for ADHD
symptoms persisted for at least 6 most
to a degree that is maladaptive with developmental level
what are the 3 subtypes of ADHD
combined type
predominantly inattentive type (ADD)
predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type
what are symptoms of ADHD child who is having inattention
difficulty sustaining attention in tasks or play fails to finish hw, chores, or duties difficulty organizing tasks often loses things necessary for tasks easily distracted and forgetful
what are symptoms of ADHD child who is having hyperactivity- impulsivity
fights with hands or feet
often leaves seat in class
often runs around or climbs when inappropriate
difficulty playing quietly
often “on the go” or acts as if “driven by a motor”
and talks excessively
hyperactivity- impulsivity
often blurts out answers before questions have been completed, difficulty awaiting turn, interrupts others
hyperactivity-impulsivity
when evaluating a child for ADHD what can you give the parents and teachers
behavioral checklist and adaptive scales to fill our but the thing is it is not easy to dx because these are strictly subjective
what is the therapeutic mngmt of ADHD
fam education and counseling
meds
proper classroom placement
behavioral and psychotherapy therapy
what are figet spinners good for
allow kids with ADHD to focus their attention
focuses on the prevention of undesirable behavior
behavioral therapy
what is the most common psychostimulants for ADHD
methylphenidate hydrochloride (ritalin) another one used is mixed amphetamine salts (adderall)
what are side effects of ADHD stimulants
appetite suppression abd pain suppression of growth sleep disturbances HA crying and irritability hypertension
what is important teaching for ADHD kids
caffeine decreases the efficacy of stimulant medication
if child has a decreased appetite have them take meds with or after meals instead of before
frequent, small meals and healthy snacks
sleepiness can lessen by admin meds earlier in the day and not past 6pm
ADHD parents need to pay close attention to safety especially around
traffic, guns, swimming pools, tools, poisonous chemicals
because ADHD children are at an increased risk for accidents and injuries due to impulsivity
a recurrent pattern of negativity, disobedience, angry outbursts, unwillingness to compromise, blaming others and seeking revenge
oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)
ODD is frequently associated with a dx of
anxiety disorder
mood disorder
ADHD
learning disabilities
if ODD is left untreated what can it progress to
conduct disorder
aggresion to people, bullying, physical fights, vandalism, shoplifting
conduct disorder
what is the hallmark for conduct disorder
aggressive behavior (known as delinquents)
what is the etiology of conduct disorder
genetic or they have stress or conflict in the family
